تاثیر آزوسپیریلوم بر عملکرد و میزان پروتئين ارقام گندم

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نورالله تازيكه ¹

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، واحد گرگان ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي گرگان،ايران

تاریخ دریافت : 1391/03/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/09/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/07/11

کلید واژه: آزوسپيريلوم- تثبيت نيتروژن - پروتئين- عملكرد- گندم ,

چکیده مقاله :

استان گلستان يكي از قطب هاي مهم توليد گندم نان در كشور مي باشد و مقام سوم توليد در كشور را به خود اختصاص داده است. آزوسپيريلوم يكي از ميكروارگانيسم هاي تثبيت كننده نيتروژن ملكولي است كه در همياري با ريشه غلات و گرامينه هاي ديگر، رشد و نمو آنها را تقويت مي كند. به منظور بررسي اثرات دو جدایه باکتری آزوسپیریلوم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد چهار ژنوتيپ گندم در منطقه گرگان آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك های كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در سال 1390 در منطقه گرگان به اجرا در آمد. فاکتور اول(A) شامل چهار ژنوتیپ گندم مروارید، گنبد ، N-80-19 و N-87-20 و فاکتور دوم(B) شامل دو جدایه باکتری آزوسپیریلوم در سه سطح شاهد(بدون باكتري)، جدايه اول A.irakense45 و جدايه دوم A.irakense11589 بود. نتايج آزمايش نشان داد كه ژنوتيپ هاي مختلف گندم از نظر صفات مانند طول پدانكل، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزاردانه، عملكرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در سطح احتمال 1 درصد اختلاف معني داري با یکدیگر داشتند. بالاترين عملكرد مربوط به رقم مرواريد با ميانگين 7/4 تن در هكتار و كمترين مربوط به رقمN-87-20 با ميانگين8/3 تن درهكتار بدست آمد. تيمار جدایه آزوسپيريلوم بر روي صفات تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملكرد و درصد پروتئين تاثير داشت و مصرف آن در سطح 5 درصد تفاوت آماري ايجاد نمود. تلقیح بذور با جدایه های A.irakense45و A.irakense11589 به ترتیب عملکرد دانه را 13و8/3 درصد بیشتر از تيمار شاهد ( بدون تلقیح) افزایش داد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Golestan province is one of the most important poles of wheat production, the 3rd , in the country. Azosprilum is one of the micro-organisms which stabilizes molecular nitrogen which in corporation with the roots of wheat and other gramineae strengthens their development. To assess the two impacts of azosprilum bacteria on the yield and its components in four genotypes of wheat in Gorgan region, an experiment was carried out in factorial, with complete random blocks in three replications in 1390 in Gorgan. The first factor (A) included four genotypes of wheat: morvarid, gonbad, N-80-90 and N-87-20; second factor (B) included two kinds of azosprilum bacteria in three levels on control(without bacteria): the first kind A.irakense 45 and second kind 11589 A. irakense. The results of the experiment showed that different genotypes of wheat had significant difference in traits like the length of peduncle, length of cluster, number of grain in cluster, weight of 100-grain, grain yield and harvest index in probable level of one percent. The highest yield was attained in morvarid cultivar with the average of 4.7tons per hectare the lowest yield was related to the cultivar of N-87-20 with the average of 3.8 tons per hectare. The treatment of azosprilum kind had the impact on traits on the number of grain in cluster, yield and percentage of protein and its consumption made statistical difference in 5% level. The inoculation of the grains with the kinds A. irakense 45 and A. irakense 11589 increased the control treatment (without inoculation) of the yield of the grain 13 and 3.8 percent respectively.

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