اثر مکمل 1- آلفا هیدروکسی کوله کلسیفرول بر قابلیت هضم ایلئومی کلسیم و فسفر جیره و عملکرد رشد جوجه بوقلمون
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه کیفیت و ماندگاری تولیدات کشاورزی و مواد غذاییمریم خاکسار بلداجی 1 , فاطمه شیرمحمد 2 , مرتضی مهری 3
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه علوم دامی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کوله کلسیفرول, بوقلمون, استخوان, قابلیت هضم,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر 1- آلفا هیدروکسی کوله کلسیفرول بر قابلیت هضم ایلئومی کلسیم و فسفر و عملکرد رشد، آزمایشی با استفاده از 225 قطعه جوجه بوقلمون گوشتی نر یک روزه سویه برنز با میانگین وزن 65 گرم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار طی 8 هفته انجام شد. جیرهها برای دو دوره 4-1 و 8-5 هفتگی تنظیم شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی در دوره اول شامل 1) شاهد، حاوی 4500 واحد بین‌المللی ویتامین D3 در کیلوگرم جیره، 2) 3500 واحد بین‌المللی 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کولهکلسیفرول، و 3) 1750 واحد بین‌المللی 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کولهکلسیفرول + 2250 واحد بین‌المللی ویتامین D3 در کیلوگرم جیره و در دوره دوم شامل 1) شاهد حاوی 3500 واحد بین‌المللی ویتامین D3 در کیلوگرم جیره، 2) 3000 واحد بین‌المللی 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کولهکلسیفرول در کیلوگرم جیره، و 3) 1500 واحد بین‌المللی 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کولهکلسیفرول + 1750 واحد بین‌المللی ویتامین D3 در کیلوگرم جیره بودند. در پایان تفاوت معنی‌داری در وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک دیده نشد ولی سطح کلسیم و فسفر سرم و استخوان، و نیز قابلیت هضم ایلئومی کلسیم و فسفر در جوجه‌های دریافت کننده 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کولهکلسیفرول، افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به گروه شاهد داشت (05/0P<). همچنین فعالیت آنزیم آلکالین فسفاتاز سرم در این جوجه‌ها کاهش معنی‌داری نسبت به گروه شاهد نشان داد (05/0P<). با توجه به اثر 1-آلفا هیدروکسی کولهکلسیفرول بر افزایش جذب کلسیم و فسفر و ذخیره آن در استخوان، می‌توان از این ترکیب به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با D3 جهت بهبود کیفیت استخوان بوقلمون استفاده کرد.
The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of 1-OH-D3 on ileal digestibility of dietary calcium and phosphorus and turkey performance. A total of 225 one-day- old male bronze strain turkey with a mean body weight of 65 g were allocated to 3 treatments with 5 replications (each, 15 birds) for 8 weeks, under a completed randomized design. Diets were adjusted separately for two periods 1-4 and 5-8 weeks of age. The experimental treatments, for the first period were consisted: 1) control, containing D3 (4500 IU/kg) 2) 1-OH-D3 (0.14 gr/kg without D3) 3) 1-OH-D3 (0.07 gr/kg) + D3 (2250 IU/kg) and for the second period of experiment were consisted: 1) control, containing D3 (3500 IU/kg) 2) 1-OH-D3 (0.12 gr/kg) 3) 1-OH-D3 (0.06 gr/kg) + D3 (1750 IU/kg) in the diet. The results showed that no significant differences exist among treatments in turkeys’ body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, the use of 1-OH-D3 in treatments 2 and 3 increased the ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the levels of calcium and phosphorus in plasma and bone, also decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma, in compared to the control group (P<0.05). Our findings imply that inclusion 1-OH-D3 to the diet did not affect on growth performance in turkeys. However, it caused to increase absorption and accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in bone. In conclusion, 1-OH-D3 can be used to improve the quality of the turkey bone, alone or in combination with D3
Refrences
1-Warren MF, Vu TC, Toomer OT, Fer-nandez JD, Livingston KA. Efficacy of 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in young broiler feed suggests reducing calc-ium levels at grower phase. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 10(7): 245.
2-Van Etten E, Stoffels K, Gysemans C, Mathieu C and Overbergh L. Regulation of vitamin D homeostasis: implications for the immune system. Nutrition Reviews. 2008; 66: S125–S134.
3-Shanmugasundaram R, Morris A and Selvaraj RK. Effect of 25-hydroxycholeca-lciferol supplementation on turkey perfor-mance and immune cell parameters in a coccidial infection model. Poultry Science. 2019; 98(3): 1127-1133.
4-Bar A, Edelstein S, Eisner U, Ben-Gal I and Hurwitz S. Cholecalciferol requirements of young turkeys under normal conditions and during recovery from rickets. The Jour-nal of Nutrition. 1982; 112(9): 1779–1786.
5-Norman AW. 1979. Vitamin D: The calc-ium homeostatic steroid hormone, pp. 374-401, Academic Press, New York.
6-Waldenstedt L. Nutritional factors of imp-ortance for optimal leg health in broilers: a review. Animal Feed Science and Tech-nology. 2006; 126: 291–307.
7-Edwards HM Jr, Shirley RB, Escoe WB and Pesti GM. Quantitative evaluation of 1α hydroxycholecalciferol as a cholecalciferol substitute for broilers. Poultry Science. 2002; 81: 664-669.
8-Han JC, Yang XD, Zhang T, Li H, Li WL, Zhang ZY and Yao JH. Effects of 1α hydroxycholecalciferol on growth perform-ance, parameters of tibia and plasma, meat quality, and type IIb sodium phosphate cot-ransporter gene expression of one- to twe-nty-one-day-old broilers. Poultry Science. 2009; 88: 323–329.
9-Han JC, Wang YL, Qu HX, Liang F, Zhang JL, Shi CX, Zhang XL, Li L, Xie Q, Wang CL, Yan YY, Dong Xs and Cheng YH. One alpha hydroxycholecalciferol imp-roves growth performance, tibia quality, and meat color of broilers fed calcium- and phosphorus-deficient diets. Asian-Austra-lasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2012; 25: 267–271.
10-Rennie JS and Whitehead CC. Effecti-veness of dietary 25‐ and 1α hydroxycho-lecalciferol in combating tibial dyschond-roplasia in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 1996; 37:413–421.
11-Snow JL, Baker DH and Parsons CM. Phytase, citric acid, and 1α hydroxychole-calciferol improve phytate phosphorus utili-zeation in chicks fed a corn soybean meal diet. Poultry Science. 2004; 83:1187–1192.
12-Bar A, Dubrov D, Zisner U and Hurwitz S. Calcium-binding protein and kidney 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol-1 hydroxylase acti-vity in turkey poults. Journal of Nutrition. 1978; 108(9): 1501-1507.
13-Heim G, Weiser H Rambeck WA. Einflüsse verschiedener Vitamin-D-Meta-boliten auf das Beinschwäche-Syndrom bei Mastputen. Z Ernährungswiss. 1990; 29: 178-183.
14-Sanders AM and Edwards Jr HM. The effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on performance and bone development in the turkey poult. Poultry Science. 1991; 70(4): 853-866.
15-National Research Council. 1994. Nutri-ent Requirements of Poultry. National Acad-emy of Science, Washington, D. C.
16-de Vries S, Kwakkel RP, Pustjens AM, Kabel MA, Hendriks WH and Gerrits WJ. Separation of digesta fractions complicates estimation of ileal digestibility using marker methods with Cr2O3 and cobalt-ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2014; 93(8): 2010-7.
17-Rodríguez ML, Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Rebolé A and Treviño J. Nutritive value of high-oleic acid sunflower seed for broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2005; 84(3): 395-402
18-AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Ana-lysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
19-SAS Institute. 2001. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version. 9.01 Edition. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
20-Bar A, Shinder D, Yosefi S, Vax E, Plavnik I. Metabolism and requirements for calcium and phosphorus in the fast-growing chicken as affected by age. British Journal of Nutrition. 2003; 89: 51-60.
21-Soares JH Jr, Kaetzel DM, Allen JT and Swerdel MR. Toxicity of a vitamin D steroid to laying hens. Poultry Science. 1983; 62-(1):24-9.
22-Edelstein S, Noff D, Freeman D, Sheves M and Mazur Y. Synthesis of 1-α-hydroxy [7-3H] cholecalciferol and its metabolism in the chick. Biochemical Journal. 1978; 176: 111–117.
23-Haussler MR, Zerwekh JE, Hesse RH, Rizzardo E and Pechet MM. 1973. Biolog-ical activity of lα hydroxycholecalciferol, a synthetic analog of the hormonal form of vitamin D3. Pp. 2248–2252. Proceeding of National Academic Science. USA.
24-Han J, Wang J, Chen G, Zhang J, Zhang N and Qu H. 1αHydroxycholecalciferol improves the growth performance and up-regulates the mRNA expression of vitamin D receptor in the small intestine and kidney of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2018; 97: 1263-1270.
25-Moore EW. Ionized calcium in normal serum, ultrafiltrates, and whole blood deter-mined by ion-exchange electrodes. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1970; 49: 318-334.
26-Biehl RR, Baker DH and Deluca HF. 1 alpha-Hydroxylated cholecalciferol compo-unds act additively with microbial phytase to improve phosphorus, zinc and manganese utilization in chicks fed soy-based diets. Journal of Nutrition. 1995; 125: 2407-16.
27-Hurwitz S, Plavnik I, Shapiro A, Wax E, Talpaz H and Bar A. Calcium metabolism and requirements of chickens are affected by growth. Journal of Nutrition. 1995; 125: 2679–2686.
28-Holick MF. Vitamin D and bone health. Journal of Nutrition. 1996; 126: 1159-1164.
29-Roberson KD. 25-Hydroxycholecalcife-rol fails to prevent tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chicks raised in battery brooders. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 1999; 8: 54-61.
30-Sheikhlar A and Navid S. Effect of dietary 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol con-centration on growth performance and bone characteristics of Japanese quail fed diet deficient in calcium and phosphorus. Pakist-an Journal of Nutrition. 2009; 8(10): 1517-1520.
31-Yi Z, Kornegay ET, Ravindran V and Denbowand DM. Improving phytate phosp-horus availability in corn soybean meal for broilers using microbial phytase and calculation of phosphorus equivalency val-ues for phytase. Poultry Science. 1996; 75(2): 240-249.
32-Diaz SM and Edita V. 2018. Effects of 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol and other vitamin D analogs on live performance, bone deve-lopment, meat yield and quality, and mineral digestibility on broilers. MSc thesis. Poultry Science Department. North Carolina State University.
33-Applegate TJ, Angel R and Classen HL. Effect of dietary calcium, 25hydroxychole-calciferol, or bird strain on small intestinal phytase activity in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2003; 82: 1140-8.
34-Tamim NM, Angel R and Christman M. Influence of dietary calcium and phytase on phytate phosphorus hydrolysis in broiler chi-ckens. Poultry Science. 2004; 83(8):1358-67.
35-Viveros A, Brenes A, Arija I and Centeno C. Effect of microbial phytase supple-menting on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activates in broiler chicks fed diff-erent levels of phosphorous. Poultry Scie-nce. 2002; 81: 1172-1183.
36-Osyczka AM and Leboy PS. Bone mor-phogenetic protein regulation of early oste-oblast genes in human marrow stromal cells is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 3428–3437.
37-Cheville NF and Horst LR. Pathology of Experimental Vitamin D Deficiency in Chic-kens and Effects of Treatment with Vitamin D Metabolites. Veterinary Pathology. 1981; 18: 638-651.
38-Chaksari I, Zaghari M and Khalaji S. Effects of 1α-OH-D3 on broiler chickens, performance. Iranian Journal of animal Sc-ience. 2013; 44(1): 23-33. [in Persian]
39-Nakagi VS, Amaral CMC, Stech MR, Lima ACF, Harnich FAR, Laurentiz AC and Pizauro Júnior JM. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in broiler chicks fed with different levels of phytase and non-phytate phosphorus. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2013; 41: 229–233.
40-Atia FA, Waibel PEI, Hermes I, Carlson CW and Walser MM. Effect of dietary phosphorus, calcium, and phytase on perfo-rmance of growing turkeys. Poultry Science. 2000; 79: 231–239.
_||_