بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره های مختلف گیاه چریش بر روی اشرشیا کلی مقاوم به آنتی بیوتیک
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه کیفیت و ماندگاری تولیدات کشاورزی و مواد غذاییرضا روحانی 1 , بتول حیدری 2 , سعیده سعیدی 3
1 - استادیار، گروه جراحی مغز و اعصاب، بیمارستان امیرالمومنین زابل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - استادیار، طب اورژانس، بیمارستان امیرالمومنین زابل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زابل، زابل، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه ملی زابل، پژوهشکده زیست‌فناوری، زابل، ایران
کلید واژه: چریش, حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی, حلال های مختلف, اشرشیا کلی,
چکیده مقاله :
چریش (Azadirachta indica) به‌عنوان یک گیاه دارویی به دلیل خواص ضد باکتریایی، ضد مالاریا، ضد ویروسی و ضد قارچی شناخته شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی گیاه دارویی چریش تهیه شده با حلال‌های مختلف بر روی اشرشیا کلی مقاوم به آنتی بیوتیک است.مواد و روش کار:برگ گیاه دارویی چریش از منطقه سیستان و بلوچستان جمع‌آوری گردیده، در سایه خشک و با استفاده از حلال‌های مختلف عصاره‌گیری انجام شد و حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی با روش میکرودایلوشن تعیین گردید.نتایج:نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی عصاره اتانولی چریش در برابر اشرشیا کلی 5/2 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده که 2 سویه در این غلظت مهار شده اند در حالی که بیشترین غلظت مهار کنندگی 10 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده که 4 سویه در این غلظت مهار شده است.کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی عصاره استونی چریش برابر با 62/0 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده که یک سویه در این غلظت مهار شده است و بیشترین غلظت مهار کنندگی برابر با 5 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده که 5 سویه در این غلظت مهار شده است در حالی که کمترین نتایج نشان داد که عصاره استونی چریش دارای خاصیت مهار کنندگی خوبی در رقت های پایین بر روی اشرشیا کلی بوده است.
Abstract:Neem (Azadirachta indica) is known as a medicinal plant due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and antifungal properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of neem medicinal plant prepared with different solvents on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli.Materials and methods:Neem medicinal plant leaves were collected from Sistan and Baluchistan region, extracted in dry shade and using different solvents, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum lethal concentration were determined by microdilution method.Results:The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration of ethanol extract of neem against Escherichia coli was 2.5 mg/ml, and 2 strains were inhibited at this concentration, while the highest inhibitory concentration was 10 mg/ml and 4 strains were inhibited in this concentration.The lowest inhibitory concentration of neem acetone extract is 0.62 mg/ml, and one strain is inhibited at this concentration, and the highest inhibitory concentration is 5 mg/ml, and 5 strains are inhibited at this concentration. While the lowest and highest inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli were 1.25 and 10 mg/ml, and 1 and 3 strains were inhibited at this concentration.The lowest inhibitory concentration of neem acetone extract is 0.62 mg/ml, and one strain is inhibited at this concentration, and the highest inhibitory concentration is 5 mg/ml, and 5 strains are inhibited at this concentrationDiscussion:The results showed that neem extract had a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli at low dilutions.
1- Nenaah EG, Ahmed ME. Antimicrobial activity of extracts and latex of Calotropis procera (Ait.) and synergistic effect with reference antimicrobials. Research Journal of Medicinal plants. 2011;5(6):16-706.
2- Kaura SK. Plant Food for Human Nut-rition. Botanica.1998;52(4):293.
3- Kumar J, Parmar BS. Compounds of medicinal Importance in Neem Tree. Jour-nal of Agricultural and Food Chemis-try.1996;44(8):2137- 2143
4- Dastagir G, Haq IU. Testing Wood pow-der from Different plants on Human Teeth. Journal of Science and Technology.1997; 21(&): 57.
5- Biswas K, Ishiha CY and Rankjit K. Biological Activities and Medicinal Prope-rties of neem (A. indica) Current Scie-nce.2002; 5: 1-1336.
6- Ahmed MF, Rao AS. Simultaneous det-ermination of phenolic compounds in mel-ia azedarach. Linn leaves by high-perfor-mance liquid chromatography. Indian J Appl Res. 2011;3(11):31-429.
doi: 10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/137
7- Jafari S, Saeidnia S, Hajimehdipoor H, Ardekani MR, Faramarzi MA, Hadjiakho-ondi A, et al. Cytotoxic evaluation of Me-lia azedarach in comparison with, Azadira-chta indica and its phytochemical investin-gation. Daru. 2013;21(1):37.
doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-37. [PubMed: 23679992].
8- Zargari A. Treatment with plants, Pha-rmacogenosis [In Persian]. Tehran: Tehran University Publications. 1990; 67.
9- Packer J, Naz T, Yaegl Community E, Harrington D, Jamie JF, Vemulpad SR. Antimicrobial activity of customary medic-inal plants of the Yaegl Aboriginal comm-unity of northern New South Wales, Aust-ralia: a preliminary study. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:276.
doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1258- x. [PubM-ed: 26122212].
10- Chanda S, Nair R. Activity of some medicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. Indian J Pharmacol. 2006; 38(2):4-142.
doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.24625
11- Sharma C, Vas AJ, Goala P, Gheewala TM, Rizvi TA, Hussain A. Ethanolic Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extract Prevents Growth of MCF-7 and HeLa Cells and Potentiates the Therapeutic Index of Cisp-latin. J Oncol. 2014; 2014: 321754.
doi: 10.1155/2014/321754. [PubMed: 2462 4140].
12- Banna QR, Parveen F, Iqbal J. Growth inhibitory effect of ethanolic neem leaves extract on Staphylococcus aureus. Bang-ladesh J Pharmacol. 2014; 9(3): 50-347. doi: 10.3329/bjp.v9i3.19454.
13- Alizadeh Taheri P, Navabi B, Shariat M. Neonatal urinary tract infection: clin-ical response to empirical therapy versus in vitro susceptibility at Bahrami Children's Hospital-Neonatal Ward: 2001-2010. Acta Med Iran. 2012; 50(5): 52-348.
14- Khalesi N, Sharaky T, Haghighe M. Prevalence of urinar tract infection in neo-nates with prolonged jaundice referred to Aliasghar Hospital in Zahedan (2005). J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2007; 11(3): 8-14.
15- Uttamkumar B, Bhubaneswari A, Teja-sri MVV. Comparative antibacterial active-ities of the combined crude leaf extract of bixa orellana, azadirachta indica and ocim-um scantum. Int Res J Pharm. 2016; 4(4):93-189.
doi: 10.7897/2230-8407.04437
16- Barriere SL. Clinical, economic and societal impact of antibiotic resistance. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015; 16(2): 3-151. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.983077. [PubMed: 25483564].
17- Cassell GH. Emergent antibiotic resist-ance: health risks and economic impact. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1997; 18 (4):4-271.
doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1997.tb01055.x. [PubMed: 9348162].
18- Theuretzbacher U. Global antibacterial resistance: The neverending story. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2013; 1(2): 9-63.
doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2013.03.010. [PubMed: 27873580].
19- Tirumalasetty J, Anuradha B, Praveena A. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic ex-tracts of Azadirachta indica, Rosmarinus officinalis and Lagenaria siceraria leaves on some important pathogenic organisms. J Chem Pharm Res. 2014; 6: 70-766.
20- Autade RH, Saini S, Reddy PG, Deor-ukhkar SC, Padmajakshi G. Effect of Ne-em extract against opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogens associated with AIDS. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2015; 4: 99-988.
21- Mamman PH, Mshelia WP, Susbatrus SC, Sambo KW. Antibacterial effects of crude extract of Azadirachta indica against Escherichia coli, salmonella spp and Stap-hylococcus aureus. Int J Med Sci. 2013; 5(14-8).
22- Rasool M, Malik A, Arooj M, Alam MZ, Alam Q, Awan M. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Psidium guajava against clinically important bacteria at var-ying pH and temperature. Biomed Res. 2017; 28: 9-134.
23- Maleki L, Sadeghian-Rizi T, Ghann-adian M, Hossein Sanati M, Shafizadegan S and Sadeghi-Aliabadi. H Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extr-acts Against Some Pathogenic Standards and Clinical Bacterial Isolates. Avicenna J Clin Microb Infec. 2018 February; 5(1): e12987.
24- Bohora A, Hegde V, Kokate S. Com-parison of antibacterial efficiency of neem leaf extract and 2% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis, C. Albicans and mixed culture. Endodontology. 2010; 22: 3-10. [Google Scholar]
25- Dhanya Kumar NM, Sidhu P. The ant-imicrobial activity of Azadirachta Indica, Glycyrrhiza glabrat, Cinnamum zeylanic-um, Syzygium aromaticum, Acacia nilotica on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitrostudy. Endodontology. 2011; 23: 18–25.
26- Prashant GM, Chandu GN, Murulikri-shna KS, Shafiulla MD. The effect of mango and neem extract on four organisms causing dental caries: Streptococcus mut-ans, Streptococcus salivavius, Streptoco-ccus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2007; 18: 51-148.
27- Fabry W, O Okemo P and Ansorg R. Antibacterial activity of East African medi-cinal plants. Journal of ethnopharmacol-ogy.1998; 60(1): 79-84.
28- Alzoreky NS and Nakahara K. Antiba-cterial activity of extracts from some edi-ble plants commonly consumed in Asia. International journal of food microbial-ogy.2003; 80(3): 223-230.
29- Sinaga M, Ganesan K, Kumar P Nair S and Banu Gani S. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHE-MICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VI-TRO ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BARK AND SEEDS OF ETHIOPIAN NEEM (AZADIRA-CHTA INDICA A. JUSS).2016.
30- Prabhat, Ajaybhan, Navneet, Chauhan A. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of six medicinal plants against dental pathog-ens. Rep Opin. 2010; 2: 37-42.
31- Hikaambo CN, Kaacha L, Mudenda S, Nyambe MN, Chabalenge B, Phiri M, Biete LL, Akapelwa TM, Mufwambi W, Chulu M, Kampamba M. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts against Escherichia coli. Pharmacology & Pharm-acy. 2022; 13, 1-10.
32- Ravva S, Korn A. Effect of Neem (Aza-dirachta indica) on the Survival of Esche-richia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Manure. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jul; 12 (7): 7794-7803.
33- Chava VR, Manjunath SM, Rajanik-anth AV, Sridevi N. The efficacy of neem extract on four microorganisms responsible for causing dental caries viz Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Strepto-coccus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro study. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 2012;13:769–772.
34- Mahfuzul Hoque MD, Bari ML, Inatsu Y, Juneja VK, Kawamoto S. Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extra-cts against foodborne pathogens and spoil-age bacteria. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2007; 4: 481-488.
doi: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0040
35- Bharitkar YP, Bathini S, Ojha D, Gho-sh S, Mukherjee H, Kuotsu K, Chattopadh-yay D, Mondal NB. Antibacterial and anti-viral evaluation of sulfonoquinovosyldiac-ylglyceride: A glycolipid isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2014;58:184-189.
doi: 10.1111/lam.12174.
36- Das BK, Mukherjee SC, Sahu BB, Murjani G. Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogenic bacteria. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1999;37:1097–1100.
37- Panchal P, Bajaj H, Maheshwari S. Azadirachta indica (NEEM): antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Salmo-nella. Guru Drone Journal of Pharmacy and Research, Oct-Dec 2013;1(1):18-21.
_||_