تأثیر مواد مغذی بر بهبود رشد و کیفیت گیاهان دارویی و افزایش توان جسمانی ورزشکاران
محورهای موضوعی : طب سنتیپریسا هاشمی شهرکی 1 , شهلا هاشمی شهرکی 2 *
1 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، شهرکرد، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی،دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه سيستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
کلید واژه: مواد مغذی, گیاهان دارویی, ورزشکاران, ترکیبات ثانویه,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی در سال‌های اخیر گیاهان دارویی و معطر به واسطه دارا بودن ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی متنوع از جمله فلاونوئیدها، آلکالوئیدها، ترپنوئیدها و فنولیک‌ها، در حوزه تغذیه ورزشی مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. این ترکیبات می‌توانند با اثرات آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدالتهابی، استرس اکسیداتیو ناشی از تمرینات شدید را کاهش دهند، بازتوانی را تسریع کنند و عملکرد ورزشی را افزایش دهند. با این حال، میزان و کیفیت این ترکیبات در گیاهان دارویی وابسته به شرایط اکولوژیکی و تغذیه‌ای است. عواملی مانند نوع خاک، شدت نور، میزان آبیاری و دسترسی به عناصر معدنی در طول رشد گیاه در سنتز و تجمع متابولیت‌های ثانویه نقش مهمی دارند. افزایش تمایل به منابع طبیعی و مکمل‌های گیاهی در سال‌های اخیر عمدتاً به دلیل توانایی آن‌ها در کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو، تقویت سیستم ایمنی و تسریع روند بازتوانی پس از فعالیت‌های شدید بدنی است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی مروری، به بررسی ارتباط میان تغذیه معدنی گیاهان دارویی، عوامل اکولوژیک مؤثر بر کیفیت ترکیبات ثانویه، و اثرات این گیاهان بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک ورزشکاران می‌پردازد. شواهد موجود نشان می‌دهند که شرایط زراعی از جمله نوع خاک، شدت نور، وضعیت آبیاری و میزان مواد مغذی، به شکل چشمگیری بر الگوی سنتز و تجمع متابولیت‌های ثانویه تأثیرگذار هستند. برای نمونه، نیتروژن و گوگرد در افزایش تولید آلکالوئیدها و ترکیبات گوگرددار نقش محوری دارند، در حالی که کمبود نیتروژن اغلب موجب افزایش تولید فنولیک‌ها و فلاونوئیدها می‌شود. این تغییرات نه تنها کیفیت دارویی گیاه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند، بلکه در صورت مصرف هدفمند می‌توانند به بهبود ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، کاهش التهاب عضلانی، افزایش استقامت و ارتقای عملکرد هوازی ورزشکاران کمک نمایند. به طور خاص، گیاهانی مانند انگور، انار به دلیل وجود ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی و اثرات متابولیک سودمند، جایگاه ویژه‌ای در تغذیه ورزشی یافته‌اند. در نهایت، یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که مدیریت بهینه تغذیه‌ای و زراعی، همراه با بهره‌گیری از مکمل‌های گیاهی، می‌تواند رویکردی ایمن و کارآمد برای ارتقای سلامت و بهبود توانمندی ورزشکاران محسوب شود..
In recent years, medicinal and aromatic plants have attracted considerable attention in the field of sports nutrition due to their diverse phytochemical constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics. These compounds can reduce oxidative stress induced by intense exercise, accelerate recovery, and enhance athletic performance through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the quantity and quality of these phytochemicals in medicinal plants are highly dependent on ecological and nutritional conditions. Factors such as soil type, light intensity, irrigation levels, and mineral nutrient availability during plant growth play a crucial role in the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. The growing preference for natural sources and herbal supplements in recent years is largely attributed to their ability to mitigate oxidative stress, strengthen the immune system, and expedite recovery following intense physical activity. The present review investigates the relationship among mineral nutrition of medicinal plants, ecological factors influencing the quality of secondary metabolites, and the physiological effects of these plants on athletes. Existing evidence indicates that agronomic conditions including soil type, light intensity, irrigation regime, and nutrient availability significantly influence the synthesis and accumulation patterns of secondary metabolites. For instance, nitrogen and sulfur play pivotal roles in the production of alkaloids and sulfur-containing compounds, whereas nitrogen deficiency often enhances the synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids. These variations not only affect the medicinal quality of the plants but, when used strategically, can also improve antioxidant capacity, reduce muscle inflammation, increase endurance, and enhance aerobic performance in athletes. Notably, plants such as grape and pomegranate have gained special recognition in sports nutrition due to their potent antioxidant compounds and beneficial metabolic effects. Ultimately, the findings suggest that optimal agronomic and nutritional management, combined with the targeted use of herbal supplements, can serve as a safe and effective strategy to promote athlete health and enhance physical performance
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