ارزیابی عملکرد d-limonene به¬عنوان حشـره¬کش علیه سـپردار شمشـاد، Unaspis euonymi Comstock (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

محورهای موضوعی : آفات گیاهی

مژده قورچیان ¹ , شیما رحمانی ^{2 *} , اصغر صالح ³

1 - مرکز تحقیقات آموزش و مشاوره فضای سبز شهرداری منطقه 17 تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات آموزش و مشاوره فضای سبز شهرداری منطقه 17 تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1403/10/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1403/12/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/12/28

کلید واژه: سپردارUnaspis euonymi , درختچه شمشاد, اسانس, دی-لیمونن,

چکیده مقاله :

سپردار شمشاد،Unaspis euonymi Comstock (Hem.: Diaspididae) ، با پراکنش جهانی از جمله آفات مهم درختچه شمشاد، Euonymus japonicus، به شمار می­آید. این حشره، گلخانه و فضای شهری را آلوده کرده و با تغذیه از شیره گیاهی، موجب از بین رفتن کلروپلاست و ایجاد لکه­های رنگ پریده در سطح گیاه و ریزش برگ­ها می­شود. تراکم جمعیت این حشره در شاخه­ها و برگ­ها، زیبایی گیاه را به­شدت کاهش می­دهد. مدیریت این آفت در حال حاضر با استفاده از کلرپیریفوس مخلوط با روغن امولسیون شونده در زمان حضور مراحل حساس، پوره­های متحرک و سنین اولیه انجام می­گیرد. با توجه به اثرات نامطلوب زیست­محیطی آفت­کش­های شیمیایی، معرفی راهکار­های جایگزین توصیه می­شود. به همین منظور، اثر­گذاری ترکیب دی-لیمونن به­عنوان حشره­کش زیست سازگار روی سپردار شمشاد بررسی شد. آزمایش­ها با شش تیمار و پنج تکرار در شرایط آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. شاخه­های حدوداً ده سانتی­متری آلوده به سپردار با غلظت­های 100، 133، 181، 246 و 333 گرم بر لیتر حلال (آب مقطر به همراه 100 میکرو­لیتر توئین-80) به کمک اسپری دستی کوچک تیمار شد. پس از شش ساعت، حشرات مرده شمارش و از افراد زنده تفکیک شدند. آنالیز پروبیت با استفاده از نرم­افزار Polo-Plus انجام گرفت. مقادیر LC₂₅، LC₅₀، LC₇₅ و LC₉₅ به ترتیب 196، 8/247، 313 و 4/438 گرم بر لیتر برآورد شد. اگرچه دی-لیمونن پتانسیل حشره­کشی علیه سپردار شمشاد را نشان می­داد، اما مطالعات تکمیلی بیشتری از جمله بررسی اثرات سینرژیستی، استفاده از مواد همراه و مطالعاتی دقیق در حیطه نانو­فناوری نیاز است تا این ترکیب را به­عنوان یک حشره­کش کارآمد برای U. euonymi معرفی کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi Comstock, is a major pest of the evergreen spindle, Euonymus japonicus, and is distributed worldwide. This member of the Diaspididae family infests greenhouses and urban areas. Feeding on plant sap, it destroys chloroplasts, causing pale spots on the plant surface and leaves to drop. The density of this insect population on the branches and leaves greatly reduces beauty of plant. Management of this pest is currently carried out using chlorpyrifos mixed with emulsifying oil when mobile nymphs and early instars as sensitive stages are present. Considering the adverse environmental effects of chemical pesticides, it is recommended to introduce alternative solutions. Aiming this purpose, the effectiveness of the compound d-limonene as a biocompatible insecticide on the euonymus scale was investigated in this study. Experiments were conducted in six treatments and five replications under laboratory conditions. Approximately ten-centimeter-long shoots infected with the pest were treated with concentrations equivalent to 100, 133, 181, 246 and 333 gL^-1 of solvent (distilled water + 100 μL of Tween-80) using a small hand sprayer. After six hours, dead insects were recognized from live ones and counted. Probit analysis was performed using the Polo-Plus software. The LC25, LC50, LC75, and LC95 values were evaluated as 196, 247.8, 313, and 438.4 gL^-1, respectively. Although d-limonene showed insecticidal potential against the euonymus scale, further studies, including the estimation of synergistic effects, the use of adjuvants, and deep research in the field of nanotechnology, are needed to introduce this compound as an effective insecticide for U. euonymi.

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