مقایسه شدت بيماري¬زايي جدايه¬هاي Botrytis cinerea جمع¬آوري شده از ميزبان-هاي سبزي و صيفي در منطقه ورامين و مقاومت آنها به قارچ¬کش¬های متداول
محورهای موضوعی : بیماری شناسی گیاهی
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2 - هیات علمی گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
کلید واژه: کپك خاکسترى, مورفولوژى, مقاومت سموم,
چکیده مقاله :
بيمارى كپك خاكسـترى با عامل قارچی Botrytis cinerea (tel: Botryotinia fuckeliana)، در قسـمت انتهايي دم ميوه (دمگاه) گیاهان سبزی و صیفی رشـد ميكند. عامل بيمارى به صـورت (اسـكلروت) در خاك، ميسـليوم در بقاياى آلوده گياهي و همچنين بهصـورت اسـپورهاى غير جنسـي در هوا بقاء خود را حفظ ميكند. اين قارچ پليفاژ در محصـولات سـبزى و صـيفي گلخانه ای مانند گوجهفرنگي، فلفل، خيار و بادمجان تحت شـرايط هواى خنك و مرطوب بيمارى ايجاد ميكند. در اين پژوهش، نمونهبردارى طی سالهاى 94-١٣٩3 از گلخانههاى منطقه ورامين انجام و شناسايي قارچ Botrytis cinerea در محيط كشت اختصاصي BSM صـورت گرفت. به منظور بررسي مورفولوژى قارچ، سـاختار پرگنه، شـكل كنيدى، تيپ ريسـه‌ها و اسـپور و اسـكلروت مطالعه شد. تنوع پراكندگي اين قارچ در سـطح كلنيها در محيط كشـت و اثرات مقاومت به سه سـم بنومیل، كاربندازيم و فنهگزاميد با ايجاد گروه‌هاى مختلف قارچ B. cinerea بررسی گردید. همبستگی داده‌هاى بهدسـت آمده در نرم افزار SPSS مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. نتايج آناليز داده‌ها نشــان داد كه اين قارچ داراى تنوع مورفولوژى و مقاومتي قابل ملاحظهای در شهرستان ورامین است كه در تولید ارقام سبزى و صيفي مقاوم نسـبت به بيمارى پوسـيدگي خاكسـترى و همچنين ارزيابي ميزان تنوع موجود در مورفولوژى قارچ و خصوصيات بيماريزايي اين قارچ در نواحي ورامين و مناطق مشابه با جغرافياي منطقه ورامين استفاده خواهد شد.
The gray mold disease of Botrytis cinerea (tel: Botryotinia fuckeliana), in the end part of the tail of the soft and watery fruit, turns green and shriveled. The disease agent maintains its survival in the form of sclerotia in the soil, mycelium in contaminated plant residues, and also in the form of asexual spores in the air. This polyphagous fungus causes disease in vegetable and summer greenhouse products such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and eggplants under cool and humid conditions. In this research, sampling was done during 2013-2014 from the greenhouses of Varamin region and identification of Botrytis cinerea fungus was done in BSM special culture medium. In order to study the morphology of the fungus, the structure of the progeny, the shape of the conidia, the type of filaments, and the spores and sclerotia were studied. The distribution pattern of this fungus on the surface of the colonies in the culture medium and the effects of resistance to the three fungicides benomyl, carbendazim and fenhexamid were investigated by creating different groups of B. cinerea. The correlation of the obtained data was evaluated in SPSS software. The results of the data analysis showed that this pathogen has a considerable morphological diversity and resistance in Varamin city, which is useful in the production of vegetable and summer cultivars resistant to gray rot disease, as well as evaluating the diversity in fungus morphology and disease-causing characteristics of this pathogen in Varamin areas, and similar areas to the geography of Varamin region will be used.
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