تیپ های گیاهی و شکل زیستی گیاهان مراتع آلپی سبلان در استان اردبیل
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
جابر شریفی
1
,
اردوان قربانی
2
,
محمد فیاض
3
,
پروانه عشوری
4
1 - عضو هیات علمی مرکزتحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل.
2 - دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری دانشکده فن آوری کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی.
3 - استار یار پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع ایران.
4 - کارشناس ارشد موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع ایران (دانشجویی مقطع دکترا محیط زیست دانشگاه تهران).
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/03/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/01
کلید واژه:
اردبیل,
علفزارهای آلپی,
عناصر رویشی,
گیاهان ژئوفیت,
گیاهان همی‌کریپتوفیت,
چکیده مقاله :
مراتع آلپی دامنه های سبلان به لحاظ برخورداری از جریان های اقلیمی مرطوب سرد سیبری، هیرکانی و مدیترانه ای، تیپ های گیاهی و عناصر رویشی متنوعی برخوردار است که در این تحقیق عمده ترین تیپ های گیاهی و شکل های زیستی گیاهان تشریح گردیده است. تفکیک تیپ های گیاهی بر اساس ریختار ظاهری گونه های شاخص، اسامی تیپ‌ها بر اساس گونه غالب مشخص شده است و سطح تیپ‌ها به تفکیک بر حسب هکتار برآورد گردیده است. در مجموع پنج تیپ عمده گیاهی شامل: Astragalus aureus- Alopecurus textilis - Festuca ovina ، در حدود ارتفاعی2500تا3350 متری دامنه های شمالی سبلان. Astragalus cardachrum- Alopecurus textilis -Festuca ovina در حدود ارتفاعی 2800 تا 3750 متری در دامنه های جنوبی سبلان، Astragalus sp- Festuca ovina - Trifolium repens در حدود ارتفاعی 2600 تا 3300 متری، Festuca sulcata - Alopecurus textiles - Carex sp. در حدود ارتفاعی 3200 تا 3700 متری از دامنه‌های مشرف به کوه هرم به خود اختصاص داده است و تیپ گیاهی Festuca ovina - Carex sp. در ارتفاع 3220 تا 3450 متر از سطح آب های آزاد در دامنه‌های شرقی سبلان واقع شده است. از نظر شکل زیستی گیاهان، همی کریپتوفیت ها و ژئوفیت ها،بترتیپ فراوانترین شکل زیستی گیاهان منطقه می باشد. پر واضح است که با بررسی و شناخت گروه های اکولوژیک گیاهی در مناطق آلپی سبلان، توان اکولوژیک این رویشگاهها بهتر توصیف شده و نتایج حاصله، به واقعیت موجود در رویشگاهها عینیت بیشتری خواهد بخشید و در حفظ و نگهداری آنها موثر خواهد بود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Alpine Meadows of Sabalan under the climates humid cold of Siberia, Hyrcanian and Mediterranean , vegetation types and plant elements is very diversity. In this study, described the main vegetation types and plant life forms. Also boundaries of vegetation types based on the apparent form, name vegetation types, based on the dominant species, and vegetation area per hectare is estimated. A total of five major types of vegetation, including: A total of five main types of vegetation, including: Astragalus aureus- Alopecurus textilis - Festuca ovina, at an elevation of 2,500 to 3,350 m a.s.l in northern slopes Sabalan. Astragalus carduchorum-Alopecurus textilis-Festuca ovina at an elevation of 2800 to 3750 m a.s.l in southern slopes Sabalan., Astragalus sp - Festuca ovina - Trifolium repens at an elevation of 2600 to 3300 m a.s.l., Festuca sulcata - Alopecurus textiles - Carex sp. at an elevation of 3200 to 3700 m a.s.l overlooking to Haram mount and vegetation type Festuca ovina - Carex sp. at an elevation of 3220 to 3450 m a.s.l. is located on the eastern slopes Sabalan. In viewpoint of plant life forms, Geophytes and Hemicryptophytes, respectively is most abundant of vegetation elements. Of course, study of ecological groups of plant species in alpine areas Sabalan, can be better described their ecological habitats and the results, a more objective reality in habitats show that also will be effective in maintaining them.
منابع و مأخذ:
Akbarlou, M., A, Sepehri., H. Ejtehadi. & M, Mesdaghi., 2009. Study on different utilization methods on forege production of mountain meadous. The Scientific and Research Journal of Iranian Range Management Society, 3 (1):17-28. (In persian).
Ahvazi, M., V.A. Müzaffarian., M.M Charkhchian., F. Mojab & Khalighi., 2010. A short survey on the flora of Siahlan mountain (Ghazvi-Iran). Iranian Journal of biologiya. 23(3):376-388. . (In persian).
Amini Rad, M & J, Sharifi., 2013. New report of Carex diandra Schrank (Cyperraceae) From Iran. Journal of Botanica, 19 (1): 54-56.
Javanshir, A., 1989. Sabalan Rangeland Ecology studies, University of Tabriz and Jahad Sazandegi,. Tabriz, 120 . (In persian).
Jahanbakhsh, P., A, Ebrahimi., F, Tarnain., 2011. Investigation on the geographical distribution and life form of plant species in sub alpine zone Karsanak region. / Shahrekord, Taxonomy and Biosystematics, (7): 1-11.
Sharifi, J., 1998. An investigation on plant diversity and life forms of Ardebil meadows. Periodic Journal of Pajouhesh Sazandegi, (33): 26-31. (In persian).
Sharifi, J & Y, Rostami Kia., 2009. Vegetation Types of Ardebil & Astra Area,. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publishers,, Tehran. 84 pp. (In persian).
Sharifi, J., M. Faiiaz., Y. Rostami Kia., F. Azimi & P. Ashori., 2009. Ecological Regions of Iran (Vegetation Types of Ardabil province). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Iran,, Final report. 120 pp. (In persian).
Sharifi, J., A. Jalili., Sh. Gasimov., A. R. Naqinezhad & A. A. Imani., 2013. Ordination of Ecological species group in relation to environmental varibles in the northern and eastern slopes of Sabalan mountains. // Natural Environment, Natural Resources Journal, Iran., 66 (1): 37-48. (In persian).
Sharifi, J., A. Jalili., Sh. Gasimov., A. R. Naqinezhad & F. Azimi Motem., 2012. Study on floristic, life form and plant chrology of wetlands in northern and eastern slopes of Sabalan Mountains. Iranian Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 4 (10): 20-40. (In persian).
Mozaffarian, V. 2007. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Farhang Moaser Publishers,, Tehran. 671 pp. (In persian).
Mesdaghi, M. 2015. Range management in Iran (Third Edition). Industrial University Sajjad Press. Khorasan Razavi. 326 pp. (In persian).
Archibold, O.W., 1995. Ecology of world vegetation. Champmun and Hall Inc. Iondon. 509pp.
Cantero, J.J ., 2003. Species richness, alien species and plant traits in central Argentine Mountain Grasslands. Vegetation Science, 14: 129-136.
Kamrani, A,. A. Jalili, A.R. Naqinezhad, F. Attar, A.A. Maassoum & S.C.Shaw., 2011. Relationships between environmental variables and vegetation across mountain wetland sites, N. Iran. Biologia 66(1):76-87.
Naqinezhad, A.R., A. Jalili, F. Attar, A.Ghahreman, B.D. Wheeler, J.G.Hodgson, S.C. Shaw & A. Maassoumi., 2009. Floristic characteristics of the wetland sites on dry southern slopes of the Alborz Mts., N. Iran: The role of altitude in floristic composition. Flora, 204: 254-269.
Rechinger, K. H., 1963- 2005. Flora Iranica (ed.) voles,1-176. Akademische Druk-u verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Raunkiaer, C., 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Charendon Press, Oxford.
Takhtajan, A., 1986. Floristic regions of the word, University of California Press. Berkley, Los Angeles, London. 522 pp.
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Akbarlou, M., A, Sepehri., H. Ejtehadi. & M, Mesdaghi., 2009. Study on different utilization methods on forege production of mountain meadous. The Scientific and Research Journal of Iranian Range Management Society, 3 (1):17-28. (In persian).
Ahvazi, M., V.A. Müzaffarian., M.M Charkhchian., F. Mojab & Khalighi., 2010. A short survey on the flora of Siahlan mountain (Ghazvi-Iran). Iranian Journal of biologiya. 23(3):376-388. . (In persian).
Amini Rad, M & J, Sharifi., 2013. New report of Carex diandra Schrank (Cyperraceae) From Iran. Journal of Botanica, 19 (1): 54-56.
Javanshir, A., 1989. Sabalan Rangeland Ecology studies, University of Tabriz and Jahad Sazandegi,. Tabriz, 120 . (In persian).
Jahanbakhsh, P., A, Ebrahimi., F, Tarnain., 2011. Investigation on the geographical distribution and life form of plant species in sub alpine zone Karsanak region. / Shahrekord, Taxonomy and Biosystematics, (7): 1-11.
Sharifi, J., 1998. An investigation on plant diversity and life forms of Ardebil meadows. Periodic Journal of Pajouhesh Sazandegi, (33): 26-31. (In persian).
Sharifi, J & Y, Rostami Kia., 2009. Vegetation Types of Ardebil & Astra Area,. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publishers,, Tehran. 84 pp. (In persian).
Sharifi, J., M. Faiiaz., Y. Rostami Kia., F. Azimi & P. Ashori., 2009. Ecological Regions of Iran (Vegetation Types of Ardabil province). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Iran,, Final report. 120 pp. (In persian).
Sharifi, J., A. Jalili., Sh. Gasimov., A. R. Naqinezhad & A. A. Imani., 2013. Ordination of Ecological species group in relation to environmental varibles in the northern and eastern slopes of Sabalan mountains. // Natural Environment, Natural Resources Journal, Iran., 66 (1): 37-48. (In persian).
Sharifi, J., A. Jalili., Sh. Gasimov., A. R. Naqinezhad & F. Azimi Motem., 2012. Study on floristic, life form and plant chrology of wetlands in northern and eastern slopes of Sabalan Mountains. Iranian Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 4 (10): 20-40. (In persian).
Mozaffarian, V. 2007. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Farhang Moaser Publishers,, Tehran. 671 pp. (In persian).
Mesdaghi, M. 2015. Range management in Iran (Third Edition). Industrial University Sajjad Press. Khorasan Razavi. 326 pp. (In persian).
Archibold, O.W., 1995. Ecology of world vegetation. Champmun and Hall Inc. Iondon. 509pp.
Cantero, J.J ., 2003. Species richness, alien species and plant traits in central Argentine Mountain Grasslands. Vegetation Science, 14: 129-136.
Kamrani, A,. A. Jalili, A.R. Naqinezhad, F. Attar, A.A. Maassoum & S.C.Shaw., 2011. Relationships between environmental variables and vegetation across mountain wetland sites, N. Iran. Biologia 66(1):76-87.
Naqinezhad, A.R., A. Jalili, F. Attar, A.Ghahreman, B.D. Wheeler, J.G.Hodgson, S.C. Shaw & A. Maassoumi., 2009. Floristic characteristics of the wetland sites on dry southern slopes of the Alborz Mts., N. Iran: The role of altitude in floristic composition. Flora, 204: 254-269.
Rechinger, K. H., 1963- 2005. Flora Iranica (ed.) voles,1-176. Akademische Druk-u verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Raunkiaer, C., 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Charendon Press, Oxford.
Takhtajan, A., 1986. Floristic regions of the word, University of California Press. Berkley, Los Angeles, London. 522 pp.
