بررسی و تعیین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر پراکنش رویشگاههای مرتعی جنوب شرقی سبلان
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
بهنام بهرامی
1
,
اردوان قربانی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - دانشیار مرتعداری گروه مرتعو آبخیزداری دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اردبیل
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/20
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/02/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01
کلید واژه:
سبلان,
عوامل اکولوژیکی,
رویشگاه مرتعی,
رج بندی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده:
روابط بین پوشش گیاهی و عامل های محیطی به شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر رشد و استقرار گونه های گیاهی و همچنین شناسایی رویشگاه ها کمک می کند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی ارتباط عوامل محیطی با پراکنش رویشگاه های مرتعی و تعیین مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در تفکیک این رویشگاه ها در منطقه جنوب شرقی سبلان واقع در استان اردبیل می باشد. نمونه برداری به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک انجام شد. در اکوسیستم مرتعی مورد نظر، 45 رویشگاه در نقاط مختلف ارتفاعی و در دامنه های جنوب شرقی سبلان انتخاب و در داخل هر یک از این رویشگاه های تعیین شده، 3 پلات بزرگ 10 مترمربعی با فاصله 40 متر از همدیگر و در طول ترانسکت 120 متری مستقرگردید. در داخل پلات ها فهرست گیاهان موجود و درصد تاج پوشش آن ها تعیین گردید. همچنین در داخل هر پلات از دو عمق 15-0 و 30-15سانتی متری، خاک برداشت شد و خصوصیات اقلیمی نظیر بارندگی و دما ، خصوصیات توپوگرافی نظیر ارتفاع، شیب و جهت جغرافیایی، عوامل خاکی نظیر بافت خاک، هدایت الکتریکی ، اسیدیته ، ماده آلی (کربن) ، فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه گیری شدند. به منظور تعیین روابط بین عوامل محیطی با پراکنش پوشش گیاهی، از تجزیه و تحلیل آماری چند متغیره (رج بندی) استفاده شد. رج بندی جوامع گیاهی با توجه به عوامل محیطی به روش آنالیز تطبیقی متعارفی (DCA[1]، RDA[2]، CCA[3]) صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد درمنطقه مورد مطالعه، عوامل فیزیوگرافی (ارتفاع و جهت جغرافیایی) تأثیر معنی داری بر پراکنش رویشگاه های مرتعی دارند. نتایج حاصل از CCA عوامل محیطی منطقه مرتعی حاکی از آن است که محور اول و دوم به ترتیب با مقادیر ویژه 703/0 و 519/0 و واریانس 5/11 و 0/20 ، تغییرات رویشگاه ها و عوامل محیطی منطقه را توجیه می کنند. از نتایج این تحقیق می توان در مدیریت، احیا و اصلاح اکوسیستم های مرتعی جنوب شرقی سبلان و مناطق مشابه استفاده کرد.
[1] - Detrended Correspondence Analysis
[2] - Representational Difference Analysis
[3] - Canonical Correspondence Analysis
چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract
Relationships between environmental factors and vegetation is an essential step in order
to recognize the effective factors on growth and establishment of species plants and identify habitats. The purpose of this study was investigation of relation between environmental factors and rangeland habitats and to determine the most important affecting factors in the segregation of rangeland habitats of Southeast Sabalan, which is located in Ardabil province. Sampling was done using random-systematic method. In this rangeland ecosystem, sampling was conducted with the selection of 45 sites in
southeast of Sabalan, and inside of each site 3 large 10 m2 plots with the distance of
40m from each other along of a 120m transect was selected. Inside of the plots, the list of the plants and canopy cover were determined. From these plots, soil samples were collected from two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm and the climatic characteristics such rainfall and temperature, topographic features suchas elevation, slope and aspect, soil features such texture, electrical conductivity, acidity, organic matter (C), phosphorus and potassium were measured. To determine the relationship between environmental factors and plant distribution based on each plots a multivariate analysis (ordination) was used. Ordination of plant communities based on environmental factors using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) methods was performed. Results indicate that on the study area, physiographic attributes (elevation and aspect) have significant effects on the distribution of rangeland habitats. The CCA results of environmental factors indicate that the first and second axes with eigen values 0.703 and 0.519 and variance 11.5 and 20 respectively justify habitat changes and environmental factors in the study area. The results of this study can be used in the management of rangeland ecosystem improvement and remidation of the Southeast Sabalan and the same areas.
منابع و مأخذ:
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