بررسی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک تحت تأثیر آبیاری با پساب خام کارخانه قند و تنش کمآبی

محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی

یحیی چوپان ¹ , سمیه امامی ²

1 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی گرگان
2 - گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبریز

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/10/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/03/01

کلید واژه: خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک, آب های نامتعارف, پساب خام, تنش کم ابی,

چکیده مقاله :

نیاز روز افزون به منابع آبی و به دنبال آن کمبود آب، ضرورت استفاده از آب های نامتعارف بهخصوص پسابها را افزایش داده است. در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک تحت آبیاری با پساب خام کارخانه قند و تنش کمآبی با به کارگیری سه روش آبیاری شامل آب چاه (T1)، پساب خام کارخانه قند (T2)، ترکیب آب و پساب (با نسبت اختلاط 1 به 7) (T3) با دو سطح آبیاری کامل (L1) و اعمال 75% تنش کم آبی (L2) بهصورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار (R) بهصورت آزمایشات مزرعهای در اراضی شهرستان میاندوآب در سال زراعی 96-1395 پرداخته شد. نتایج حاصله نشان داد تنش کمآبی و نوع آب آبیاری بر یونهای پتاسیم، فسفر، ازت کل و شوری در سطح احتمال یک درصد، و بر میزان اسیدیته در سطح احتمال 5 درصد تأثیر معنیدار داشته است. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار یون پتاسیم به ترتیب در تیمارهای T2L2 و T3L1 با مقادیر 289 کیلوگرم و 112 کیلوگرم حاصل شد. هم چنین بیشترین و کمترین مقدار اسیدیته به ترتیب در تیمارهای T2L2 و T2L1 با مقادیر 5/7 و 9/6 مشاهده شد. در حالت کلی میتوان اظهار داشت که آبیاری با پساب خام کارخانه قند به طور تقریبی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک را بهبود میبخشد و با توجه به کمبود منابع آبی جایگزین مناسبی برای آبیاری مزارع جو منطقه مورد بررسی توصیه می گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The increasing water demand and water scarcity has increased the need for unconventional water, especially wastewater. In this research, the soil chemical properties under irrigation with sugar factory raw wastewater and water stress in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with four replications (R) was carried out in a field experiment in Miandoab city during 2016-2017 and the treatments in this study were three treatments: well water (T1), sugar plant wastewater (T2), water and wastewater (87.5% water and 12.5% wastewater) (T3) combination with two full irrigation levels (L1) and 75% water stress (L2). that water stress and type of irrigation water had a significant effect on potassium, phosphorus, total nitrogen and salinity at 1% probability level and on acidity at 5% probability level. The highest amount of potassium in T2L2 and T3L1 treatments with 289 and 112 Kg was obtained. Also, The highest amount of acidity in T2L1 and T2L2 treatments with 7.5 and 6.9 was observed. Originally, it can be stated that Irrigation with Sugar Factory Raw Wastewater approximately improves soil chemical properties and due to the water resources scarcity, an appropriate replacement for irrigation of Barely fields is recommended.

منابع و مأخذ:

 

 

 

 

 

References:

1. Spaskhah.A, Tavakkoli.A, Musavi.F (2006). Principles and applications of irrigation. Publication of Iran's National Irrigation and Drainage Committee, Tehran.


2. Agh-Barati, A., Hoseini, S. M., Esmaili, A and Maralian, H. 2009. Irrigation effect with urban wastewater treatment on physical and chemical properties of soil, the accumulation of nutrients and cadmium in olive trees. Environmental science journal. 6: 1-10.


3. Al.Salem, S. 1998. Environmental consideration for wastewater reuse in agriculture. Water Science. Tach, 33: 345-355.


4. Asano, T. and A. D. Levine. 1996. Wastewater reclamation and reuse. Post, present and fytyre. Journal of Water Science Technology. 33: 1-14.


5. Aiello, R., Cirelli, G. L and Consoli, S. 2007. Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil and tomato fruits: A case study in Sicily (Italy). Agricultural water management, 93(1– 2): 65-72.


6. Choopan, Y., Emami, S., and Hesam, Mosa. 2018. Study of the Effect of Irrigation with Industrial Wastewater on Soil Chemical Properties (Case Study: Torbat-Heydarieh). Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. (In Persian).


7. Khodadadi, N., Ghorbani Dashtaki, Sh and Kiani, Sh. 2015. Effect of irrigation water quality on some physical properties of soil in rice cultivated land. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation. 4(3): 15-28. (In Persian)


8. Jalali, M., Merikhpour, H., Kaledhonkar, M J and Vander-Zee, S. E. A. T. M. 2008. Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil sodicity and nutrient leaching in calcareous soils. Agriculture and Water Management. 95: 143-153.


9. Haj-Rasouliha, Sh., Amini, H., Houdji, M and Najafi, P. 2006. Biodetection of air and soil pollution in Esfahan region. Journal of research in agricultural science. 2: 39-54. (In Persian)


10. Heidarpour, M., Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Abedi-Koupai, J and Malekian, R. 2007. The effects of treated wastewater on soil chemical properties using subsurface and surface irrigation methods. Agricultural Water Management. 90(1- 2): 87-94.


11. Hasan, H. I., Anwar, M., Battikhi, M and Qrunfleh, M.2015. Impacts of Treated Wastewater Reuse on Some Soil Properties and Production of Gladiolus Communis. Jordan Journal of Agriculture Science. 11(4): 1103-1118.


12. Hosinpour, A., Haghnia, Q. H., Alizadeh, A and Fotowwat, A. 2007. The irrigation effect of raw and refined sewage on soil chemical properties in various depths in both continuous and alternative conditions. Irrigation and drainage journal. 1(2): 73-85. 


13. Gamito, P., Arsenio, A., Faleiro, M.L., Brito, J.M. and Beltrao, J. 1999. The influence of wastewater treatment of irrigation water quality, International Workshop on, Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management, pp. 267-270, Izmir, Turkey.


14. Kirkham, M. B. 1986. Problems of using wastewater on vegetable crops. Hort. Science. 21 (1): 24-27.


15. Karimzadeh, M., Alizadeh, A and Mohammadi-Aria, M. 2012. The effects of irrigation with wastewater on soil saturation hydraulics conductivity. Water and soil journal, 6: 1547-1553.


16. Miandoab-ag.ir


17. Rezapour, S., Samadi, A and Khodaverdiloo, H. 2012. Impact of long-term wastewater irrigation on variability of soil attributes along a landscape, semi-arid region of Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 67: 1713–1723.


18. Safari, M. and H. Fathi. 2008. Effect of effluent irrigation on yield and quality of bean and some soil properties. 3rd National Congress on recycling and the use of renewable water resources in agriculture, Isfahan. 17-29. (In Persian). Sharma, R., Agrawal, M and Marshall, F. 1999. Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 66: 258-266.


19. Papadopoulos, L. Y. Stylianon. 1988. Trickle irrigation of cotton with treated sewage effluent. Journal ofEnviron Quality. 17: 574-580.


20. Papadopoulos, L. and Y. Stylianon. 1991. Trickle irrigation of sunflower with municipal wastewater. Agriculture Water Management. 19: 67-75.


21. Xu, J., Wu, L., Chang, A C and Zhang, Y. 2010. Impact of long-term reclaimed wastewater irrigation on agricultural soils: A preliminary assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 183(1-3): 780-786.


22. Yazdani, V., Ghahrwman, B., Davari, K and Fazeli, E. 2014. Effect of wastewater on physical and chemical properties of soil. Environmental Science and Technology. 16: 473-485.