ارزیابی ارتباط برخی خصوصیات خاک با فاکتورهای خاکسازی (مطالعه موردی: چهار حوزه آبخیز در استان قزوین)
محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزیعلیرضا پژوهنده 1 , علی محمدی ترکاشوند 2 , ابوالفضل معینی 3 , ابراهیم پذیرا 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد تمام، گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، نام گروه مهندسی طبیعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - استاد تمام، گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: رگرسیون, خصوصیات خاک, میانگین مربعات خطا, فاکتورهای خاکسازی,
چکیده مقاله :
عوامل موثر در تشکیل خاک شامل مواد مادری، اقلیم، توپوگرافی، زمان و موجودات زنده می باشند. تغییرات این فاکتورهای خاکسازی باعث به وجود آمدن خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی متفاوت در خاک می‌شود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی رابطه فاکتورهای خاکساز با خصوصیات فیزیکو شیمیایی خاک بود. بدین منظور در چهار حوزه آبخیز از استان قزوین، به نام های جوینک، مدان، نیارک و پلنگه ابتدا نقشه واحدهای کاری با بازدیدهای صحرایی به کمک سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی در مقیاس 1:25000 تهیه شد. تعداد 101 نمونه خاک برداشت و مقدارEC ،pH ، درصد مواد آلی، درصد شن، درصد سیلت و درصد رس اندازه‌گیری شد. از رگرسیون چند متغیره خطی به سه روش Enter، Forward و Stepwise برای بررسی ارتباط فاکتورهای خاکسازی و خصوصیات خاک استفاده شد. به طوری که فاکتورهای خاکساز متغیرهای مستقل و خصوصیات خاک‌ها متغیر وابسته بودند. برای بررسی مواد مادری از عامل حساسیت به فرسایش سنگ ها، برای موجودات زنده، درصد مواد آلی از طریق آنالیز آزمایشگاه، برای توپوگرافی از دو عامل شیب و ارتفاع و از دوران زمین شناسی برای بررسی زمان و برای عامل آب و هوا از دو عامل باران و دما استفاده گردید. برای صحت سنجی این مدل‌ها از دو آماره ضریب تبیین و میانگین مربعات خطا استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد بهترین مدل در ارتباطpH با فاکتورهای خاکسازی (در رگرسیون به روش Enter) با R2 = 78/0 و 56/0RMSE= بدست آمد. مقادیر R2 برای ارتباط سیلت، رس و هدایت الکتریکی در ارتباط با فاکتورهای خاکسازی کمتر از 50 درصد بود. باتوجه به مدل‌های بدست آمده در این پژوهش، مشخص شد می‌توان با استفاده از مدلسازی‌های گسترده‌تر اقدام به تهیه نقشه‌های خصوصیات فیزیکو شیمیایی خاک با کمک نقشه‌های فاکتورهای خاکسازی در مناطق مختلف کرد.
The effective factors in soil formation include parent material, climate, topography, time and living organisms. The changes of these soil formation factors cause different physical and chemical properties in the soil. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil-forming factors and soil physic-chemical properties. For this purpose, in four watersheds of Qazvin province, a map of working units was first prepared with field visits with the help of geographic information system at a scale of 1:25000. Then, 101 soil samples were collected and EC, pH, organic matter percentage, sand fraction, silt proportion, and clay percentages were measured. The relationship between soil formation factors and properties was investigated using linear multivariate regression in three methods of Enter, Forward, and Stepwise. To investigate parent materials from the sensitivity factor to the erosion of rocks, for living organisms, the percentage of organic matter through laboratory analysis, for topography from the two factors of slope and height and from the geological era to investigate time and for the climate factor from two Rain and temperature factors were used. The accuracy of these models was validated using two statistics of explanation coefficient and mean squared error. The results demonstrated that the highest R2 value of 0.78 with an RMSE of 0.56 was associated with the relationship between pH and soil-forming factors (regression by the Enter method). There was less than a 50% correlation between silt, clay, and electrical conductivity with soil-forming factors. According to the models obtained in this research, it was found that it is possible to prepare maps of soil physic-chemical properties with the help of soil formation factor maps in different regions by using more extensive modeling.
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