بررسی میزان محصوریت در انسجام محله ساکنان اکباتان و آتی‌ساز
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصل‌نامه فضای زیست
پیمان آخوندی
1
,
محمد جلیلی
2
,
غلامرضا طلیسچی
3
,
فرزانه ساسان پور
4
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بروجرد
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران
3 - دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.
4 - دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: محله, انسجام, محصوریت, اکباتان, آتی‌ساز,
چکیده مقاله :
اجتماعات محصور که با نام‌هایی چون توسعه‌ی مسکونی دروازه‌ای، آپارتمان مسکونی دروازه‌ای و شهرک نیز شناخته می‌شود، رو به گسترش بوده و بین متقاضیان خرید خانه محبوبیت بالایی پیدا کرده است. اجتماعات محصور با هدف ایجاد امنیت و آرامش ساکنین خود، به محدودن کردن دسترسی عموم و به خصوصی سازی فضای عمومی پرداخته‌اند و این محصوریت موجب شده که فضاهای ازهم‌گسیخته‌ای ایجاد شود که از محیط شهری بیرونی خود جدا و ایزوله هستند. درواقع محلات محصور بازتاب یک واحد شهری است که به‌صورت فیزیکی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی با محیط اطرافش متفاوت بوده و فاقد انسجام است. بررسی اثرات منفی این اجتماعات محصور در داخل خود و حوزه‌های شهری اطراف موضوع بسیار مهمی است که کمتر به آن پرداخته شده و سوداگران زمین و توسعه‌گران بدون توجه به آن و درصدد کسب سود بیشتر به گسترش آن‌ها پرداخته‌اند. بنابراین در این پژوهش سعی شده است باهدف بررسی میزان محصوریت در انسجام محله ساکنان اکباتان و آتی‌ساز به شناسایی این عوامل از دیدگاه خبرگان و کاربران فضایی بپردازد. روش تحقیق ترکیبی از نوع کیفی و کمی است که در قسمت کیفی، به استخراج متغیرها از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با تکنیک کدگذاری با استفاد از نرم‌افزار ATLAS.TI استفاده می‌شود. در بخش کمی، با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی، به علت تعدد متغیرها برای دسته‌بندی و همچنین میزان اثر هریک از آن‌ها در مجموعه مسکونی آتی‌ساز و اکباتان از تحلیل عاملی با روش Varimaxاستفاده می‌شود و درنهایت همبستگی ضرایب تعیین‌شده در هر دو محله اکباتان و آتی‌ساز با یکدیگر گرفته می‌شود و برازش منحنی ترسیم می‌گردد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مهم‌ترین عامل تأثیرگذار بر انسجام‌بخشی این دو محله محصور، انسجام اجتماعی است. بعد از آن به ترتیب عوامل زیر را می‌توان نام برد: انسجام در ارتباطات اجتماعی، انسجام در حس تعلق، انسجام در ایجاد امنیت، انسجام در سازمان‌های اداره‌کننده و انسجام در اختیارداری.
Enclosed communities, which are also known as gated residential development, gated residential apartment, and settlement, are expanding and have become very popular among home buyers. Enclosed communities have limited public access and privatized public space with the aim of creating security and peace for their residents, and this enclosure has led to the creation of disjointed spaces that are separated and isolated from their outer urban environment. In fact, enclosed neighborhoods are a reflection of an urban unit that is physically, socially, and economically different from its surroundings and lacks cohesion. Examining the negative effects of these communities enclosed within themselves and the surrounding urban areas is a very important issue that has not been addressed much, and land traders and developers have expanded them without paying attention to it and trying to make more profit. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to identify these factors from the point of view of experts and space users, with the aim of investigating the degree of confinement in the neighborhood cohesion of the residents of Ekbatan and Ati Saz. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative type. This research has a nest to nest combination. To answer the research question, qualitative-quantitative research method nest by nest is used. In the qualitative method, a semi-structured interview is used to verify the variables extracted from the bases and also to assign the base variables to a case sample, and the obtained results are entered into the ATLAS.TI software to facilitate the coding, and open coding is used to extract the variables with a live approach. , description and interpretation takes place. In a small part of the obtained variables, a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (1: the lowest level of perception of the individual about the effect of confinement on neighborhood cohesion; 5: the highest level of perception of the individual about the effect of confinement on neighborhood cohesion) is compiled and distributed among 384 people of space users. In this section, by using the factor analysis method, due to the multiplicity of variables for classification and also the effect of each of them in the residential complex of Ati Saz and Ekbatan, factor analysis with the Varimax method is used, and finally, the correlation of the determined coefficients in both Ekbatan and Ati Saz neighborhoods with Each other is taken and a fitting curve is drawn. The results of the research show that Ekbatan and Atisaz neighborhoods are considered as one of the prosperous and active communities in Tehran. Also, because of their convenient location, they have been favored by the residents of Tehran. According to the investigations carried out in this research, in both neighborhoods, the factor of social cohesion is considered the most effective factor in the cohesion of the residents of both neighborhoods. The reason for this is that the enclosure and separation of Akbatan and Atysaz neighborhoods from the surrounding neighborhoods, both physically and socially, has caused problems such as social-cultural discontinuity in this area, which has consequences such as the fragmentation of the social fabric. The isolation and insularity of these two neighborhoods has caused the administration of this area to face problems and social participation in urban governance is decreasing. One of the most important problems caused by the lack of communication and connection between Ekbatan and Ati-saz neighborhoods with the surrounding neighborhoods is social disunity and segregation in this area, which, if appropriate decisions are not taken and the need for social cohesion of the area is not taken into account, can cause many problems in the future. The lack of communication and physical connection has also caused a gap in the body tissue and its lack of harmony with the surrounding environment. In addition to the mentioned issues, these neighborhoods also struggle with the issue of access and inefficient public transportation, and this has caused major changes in the process of citizens living in these neighborhoods. Also, the most important factor affecting the cohesion of these two enclosed neighborhoods is social cohesion. After that, the following factors can be mentioned in order: Coherence in social communication, cohesion in the sense of belonging, cohesion in creating security, cohesion in governing organizations and cohesion in authority.