نقد و بررسی دیدگاه‌های مربوط به تعدد زوجات در پرتو اصل معاشرت به معروف
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعهمعصومه حافظی 1 , کاظم قاضی زاده 2
1 - مدرس دانشگاه فرهنگیان قم(گروه آموزشی الهیات)
2 - استادیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس قم قم (گروه آموزشی علوم قرآن).
کلید واژه: تعدد زوجات, اصل معاشرت به معروف, همسران,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش به هدف ترسیم دیدگاه قرآن کریم در خصوص جایگاه تعدد زوجات در جامعهی فعلی دنبال گشته و داده‌ها از قرآن کریم، تفاسیر و کتاب‌های صاحبنظران علوم دینی گردآوری گشته و از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی استفاده شده است. موضوع تعدد زوجات همواره در اندیشهی صاحبنظران، از دیدگاه‌های متفاوت و یا ضد و نقیض برخوردار بوده است. این پژوهش با بررسی مستند قرآنی تعدد زوجات، در پرتو اصل اخلاقی ـ حقوقی معاشرت به معروف، دیدگاه‌های مربوط به استحباب، منع مطلق، منع حاکم در غیر اضطرار فردی و نیز جوازی که اصل را بر تعدد زوجات شمرده، با اصل مزبور همخوان نمی‌یابد؛ بلکه الگوی مستفاد از آموزه‌های قرآن کریم را بر جوازی می‌یابد که اصل را بر تک‌همسری می‌داند و تعدد زوجات در جامعهی معاصر را در غیر ضرورت‌های فردی و اجتماعی که نارضایتی همسر اول را بهدنبال دارد، مصداقی از سوء معاشرت می‌خواند؛ زیرا رنجش زن از ازدواج مجدد همسر خود در جامعهی فعلی، واقعیتی انکارناپذیر است و لزوم رفتار شایسته با همسر و حفظ حرمت وی، هرگز به مرد اجازه نمی‌دهد که با ازدواج مجدد در غیر ضرورت‌های فردی و اجتماعی، رنجش همسرش را موجب گردد. بهعلاوه آنکه توجه به سیاق آیهی مربوطه مبنی بر محدود نمودن تعدد زوجات بی‌حد و اندازه اعراب عصر نزول وحی به چهار زن و نیز شرط عدالت‌ورزی در آن، مدلول روشنی بر این واقعیت است.
This study describes the place of polygamy in the present society based on Quran. Data has been derived from Quran, interpretation, and the books written by religious science experts. Descriptive and analytical method has been used in this article. The subject of polygamy has been always investigated from different and contradictory viewpoints of experts. Documentary about polygamy according to Quran, the principle of moral and legal sociability, some viewpoints related to religious preference, the approval of polygamy, reverence and also judge's prohibition in non-emergency are not compatible with aforesaid principle. But based on Quran's viewpoint, monogamy is the principle and it says, in contemporary society, polygamy means social abuse in unnecessary situations. Because of the need of an appropriate behavior with women in contemporary society, men are never allowed to remarry since it can cause their wife’s suffering. In addition, referring to the related verse based on limitation and reformation of Arab customs of revelation age is a clear referent of this fact.
- The Holy Quran. Translation M. Foladvand.
- Abdipor, E. (2015). "Polygamy". Published in the book: Bai, Hossein Ali, wife and family. Tehran, Islamic Culture and Thought Research Center. 211-232.(persian)
- Abdulhadi Ahmad Al-Najjar, Ibrahim. (1995). Women's Rights in Islamic Shari'a (An Empirical Study of the Jurisprudence of the Qur'an, Sunnah of the Prophet, and the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence). Baku, Library of Culture Publishing and Distribution. (Arabic)
- Abnbraj Trablosi, gh. (1986). Almhzb. Researcher / edited by a group of researchers and Mshhyn under the noble Shaykh Ja'far Sobhani. Qom, Islamic Publications Office affiliated to the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom. (Arabic)
- Abuzaid, Nasr Hamed. (1999). Circles of fear (reading in the speech of women). Beirut, Arab Cultural Center. (Arabic)
- Amara, Mohammad. (1980). The Complete Works of Imam Mohamed Abdo. Beirut, Arab Institute for Studies and Publishing. (Arabic)
- Amara, Mohamad. (1997). Islam and women in the view of Imam Muhammad Abdo. Cairo, Dar Al-Rashad. (Arabic)
- Amin, Qassem. (2012). Liberating women. Cairo, Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture. (Arabic)
- Beheshti, A. (2006). Family in the Quran. Qom, Institute Park Books (the publishing Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary). (persian)
- Fazlullah, Mohamed Hassin. (2000). Islamic Reflections on Women. NL, The House of the Mall. (Arabic)
- Ghorbannia, N, hafezi, M. (2009). Check the "known associate to the wives" of the Quran . Journal of Shiite women, 20, 97- 118. (persian)
- .Haddad, Tahir. (ND). Emarat no alshryh Regolamenti. NL, Connected Top llsqafh. (Arabic)
- Hagel, Mohammad Hossein. (ND). The life of Muhammad. NL, NP. (Arabic)
- Jaferi, Jacob. (ND). Kosar. NL, NP. (persian)
- Javadi Amoli, Abdullah. (2009). Tasnim (interpretation of the Quran). Qom, asra. (persian)
- Khosravani, Ali Reza. (1970). Khosravi interpretation. Tehran, Islamism. (persian)
- Masgayekhi, gh. (2009). Family jurisprudence and Islamic law. Tehran, Organization of Study and Compilation of Humanities Books, samt. (persian)
- Mehrpour, H. (2008). From the perspective of the issues of women's rights: civil rights, jurisprudence and international standards. Tehran, information. (persian)
- Mehrizi, M. (2003). Character and rights of women in Islam. Tehran, Cultural and Scientific Publishing Company. (persian)
- Modaresi, Mohammad Taghi. (1999). I Huda alQuran. Tehran, mohebi with Hussein. (Arabic)
- Motahari, M. (2009). The rights of women in Islam. Tehran, Sadra. (persian)
- Mousavian, Syed A. (2009). In the light of revelation. (Lessons from the Quran in front of Grand Ayatollah Mousavi Ardebili). Qom, The University mofeid. (persian)
- Najafi, Mohammad Hassan. (1984). Jewelry laws as al-Islam al-Kalam fi. Researcher / editor: Ghuchani Abbas and Ali Akhundi. Beirut, Dar al-Arabi Altras revival. (Arabic)
- Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. (1985). Mosque of the provisions of the Koran. Tehran, naser khosro. (Arabic)
- Rashid Reza, Muhammad. (ND). Wise Qur'an commentary (Tafsir Al Manar). Beirut, Daralmrfh. (Arabic)
- Ragheb Isfahani, Hassin ibn Muhammad. (2002). Words of the Holy Qura.com, zavelghorba. (Arabic)
- .Sanei, Joseph. (2005). Judicial request for opinion. Tehran, Mizan. (persian)
- Sanei, Joseph. (2007). Council request for opinion catechism. Qom, Meysam Tmar publications. (persian)
- Shaltout, Mahmoud. (1972). Islam is a doctrine and a Shari'a. Cairo, Dar El Shorouk. (Arabic)
- Tabibi, M. (1964). "Polygamy in Islamic law." Journal Bar Association, 90. (persian)
- Tabatabaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein. (1995). Al-Mizan. Translation: Sayed Mohammad Bagher Mousavi Hamadan. Qom, Islamic Publications Publications Office. (persian)
- Tabari Kyahrasy, Abul Hasan Ali bin Mohammed. (1985). Provisions alQuran. Beirut, Dar Icons. (Arabic)
- Tusi, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. (1966). Mabsut in jurisprudence Imamiyah. Investigator / Corrector: Sayed Mohammad Taghi Kashfy. Tehran, Library for the Restoration of Ja'afar Archeology. (Arabic)
- Yazdani, A. (ND). An analysis of freedom and sexual morality . NL, Digital Publisher, Institute of Computer Ghaemieh. (persian)
- Yazdi, Mohammad Kazem. (1999) . Alrvh Alvsqy. Researcher / editor: Ahmad Mohseni Sabzevar. Qom, slamic Publications Office affiliated to the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom. (Arabic)
- Zuhayli, Wahba. (2006). The Muslim Family in the Contemporary World. Beirut, Darfalkar. (Arabic)
_||_