عوامل بازدارنده مشارکت اقتصادی زنان از سوی خانواده در جامعه محلی (مطالعه موردی زنان در روستای بهده شهرستان پارسیان)
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعهآذین رضائیان قراگوزلو 1 , ولی اله رستمعلی زاده 2
1 - دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران
2 - استادیار جامعه شناسی توسعه مؤسسه مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور.
کلید واژه: خانواده, کلیشه‌های جنسیتی, مشارکت اقتصادی, ساختار قدرت, نقش‌های مادری و همسری,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر به تشریح عوامل بازدارنده مشارکت اقتصادی زنان از سوی خانواده در جامعه محلی می‌پردازد. این پژوهش در میان دو گروه از زنان شاغل و غیر شاغل متأهل سنین بین 25 تا 45 سال ساکن در روستای بهده از توابع شهرستان پارسیان انجام شده است. داده‌ها به شیوه کیفی و با اتخاذ رویکرد نظریه بنیانی و با استفاده از فنون مصاحبه و بحث گروهی جمع‌آوری شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی انجام گرفته و تا مرحله اشباع نظری ادامه یافته است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که ارزش‌ها و نگرش‌ها (تفاسیری که زنان از سنت‌ها دارند)، باورها و اعتقادات (باور به برتری و سرپرستی مردان)، کلیشه‌های جنسیتی (تفکیک فضای عمومی و خصوصی، زنانه و مردانه)، نوع مالکیت و اختیارات (تصمیم‌گیری در خصوص درآمد و هزینه‌ها و مالکیت بر دارایی‌ها) و نوع تصمیم‌گیری و انتخاب (انتخاب شغل، مهاجرت، ازدواج و طلاق)، از مولفه‌های تاثیرگذار در مشارکت اقتصادی زنان بودند. به طور کلی کلیشه‌های جنسیتی در همه ابعاد زندگی زنان و مردان باعث می‌شود آن‌ها خود را برای پذیرش نقش‌هایی آماده کنند که در مسیر جامعه‌پذیری توسط نهادهای خانواده و آموزش پرورش به آن‌ها تعلیم داده‌شده است.
The present study describes the factors that inhibit the economic participation of women by the family in the local community. This research was conducted in two groups of employed and unemployed married women between the ages of 25 and 45, residing in the village of Behdeh, from the Parsian County, Hormozgan province. The data were collected in a qualitative manner using a grand theory approach and interviewing and group discussion techniques. The data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and continued to the theoretical saturation stage. The findings of this study show that values and attitudes (interpretations that women have of customs), beliefs and faith (belief in male superiority and superintendence), Gender stereotypes (separation of public and private spaces, feminine and masculine), type of ownership and authority (decision on income and expenses and ownership of assets) and type of decision making and choice (choice of job, migration, marriage, and divorce), They were the most influential components of women's economic participation. In general, gender stereotypes in all aspects of men's and women's lives make them ready to accept the roles that they have been trained by family and education institutions in the Socialization way.
-Abadnejad, Azar. (2013). Investigating Factors Affecting Power Structure in the Family with Emphasis on Women Working in Ardabil City. M.S Thesis, unpublished. Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. Persian
-Ahmadi Ahang, Kazem. (2012). Investigating the Impact of Power Distribution Structure on Family on Social Participation in Rural and Urban Areas. M.S Thesis, unpublished. Mazandaran University. Persian
-Amini, Mohammadd., Amini, Yousef., Hosseinian, Simin. (2013). Family Power Structure in Working and Non-Working Women Comparing Influential Factors. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, Volume 1 Number 2, pp. 83-112. Persian
-Arasti, Zahra. (2006). Iranian Women Entrepreneurs, the Effective Socio -Cultural Structures of Businesses Start- Up. Quarterly Journal of Women's Research. Volume 4. Number 1 and 2. pp. 93-119. Persian
-Azkia, mostafa, Imani Jajarmi, Hossein. (2011). Applied Research Methods; Application of Grounded Theory, Volume II. Tehran. Keyhan Poblication. Persian
-Dadvarkhani, Fazileh. (2007). A study on the effects of women’s participation in the economic and social decision makings in rural areas case study: : Chiar –Yamchi of Zanjan district. Geographical Research Quarterly. Volume 38. Number 2 ,pp. 171-188. Persian
-Flick, Uwe. (2008). An introduction to qualitative research. translated by Hadi Jalili, Tehran. Ney Poblication.
-Galbraith, John Kenneth. (2002). The Anatomy of Power. Translated by Mahboubeh Mohajer. Tehran. IRIB Publications.
-Ghaffari, Gholamreza. (2001). social and cultural factors affecting social participation, organized rural economy as a mechanism for rural development in Iran (Case Study of Rural Kashan). Ph.D thesis, unpublished. University of Tehran. Persian
-Gilasian, Sepideh. (2011). Investigating the Impact of Women's Economic Position on Their Contribution to the Family Economy. M.S Thesis, unpublished. Shiraz University. Persian
-Hamzehloo, Behrouz. (2002). A Comparative Study of the Role of Decision Making and Power of Rural Women in Economic and Social Activities in Khomein City. M.S Thesis, unpublished. Isfahan University of Technology. Persian
-Hasan Nejad, Jamal. (2013). Quantitative meta-analysis of the relationship between women's education and employment and power relations in the family and society. M.S Thesis, unpublished. Teacher Training University of Tehran. Persian
-Hatami, Mojtaba. (2009). An Analysis on the Role of Rural Women in Rural Development. National Conference on Women and Architecture, Tehran. Persian
-Javaheri, Fatemeh., Serajzadeh, Sayed Hossein., Rahmani, Rita. (2010). Analysis of the effects of women’s employment on their life quality Case study: Iranian Female Employees in the Ministry of Agriculture. Women in Development & Politics. Volume 8. Number 2, pp. 143-162. Persian
-Khani, Fazileh., Ahmadi, Manijeh. (2009). A study on the effects of women’s participation in the economic and social decision makings in rural areas case study: : Chiar –Yamchi of Zanjan district. Women in Development & Politics. Volume 7. Number 4 ,pp. 95-113. Persian
-Lankard, Bettina A. (1995). Family Role in Career Development. ERIC Digest No. 164.
-Lyon, Dawn., Woodward, Alison E. (2004). Gender and Time at the Top: Cultural Constructions of Time in High-Level Careers and Homes. European Journal of Women's Studies. Volume 11. Number 2. Pp. 205-221.
-Movahed, Majid., Enayat, Halimeh., Mardani, Marziyeh. (2013). Study of Related Context Factors with Structure of Power in Family. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran. Volume 1. Number 3. Pp. 159-178. Persian
-Naeemaker, Bibi. (2010). Investigating the Distribution of Women's Power in the Family and its Related Factors. M.S Thesis, unpublished. Payame Noor University, Parand Branch. Persian
-Nana-Fabu, Stella. (2006). An Analysis of the Economic Status of Women in Cameroon. Journal of International Women's Studies. Volume 8. Number 1. Pp. 148-162.
-Rafat Jah, Maryam, Kheyrkhah, Fatemeh. (2012). The Issues and Challenges of Women’s Employment in Iran From the View point of Working Managers. Quarterly Journal of Socio-Cultural Development Studies. Volume 1. Number 2. Pp. 130-156. Persian
-Rokneldin Eftekhari, A., Mohammadi Soleimani, M. (2002). Factors affecting on rural youth participation in development planning with emphasis on spatial location factors (case study: the city of Kerman). The Journal of Spatial Planning. Volume 6. Number 4. Pp. 11-37. Persian
-Sadeghie Fasai, Soheila., .khademi, Atefeh. (2016). Meta-analysis of four decades of research in the field of women's participation. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, Volume 14. Number 2. Pp. 34-70. Persian
-Saghafinejad, Mohammad, Pourksmaei, Maryam and Fallahi Gilan, Rouhollah. (2011). The Impact of Family Power Structure on Women's Political and Social Participation, Iranian Journal of Sociological Studies. Volume 1. Number 2. pp. 29-40. Persian
-Sharbatian, Mohammad Hassan. (2009). An Investigation of the Social Dimensions and Barriers of Women's Employment. Journal of Peyk-e Noor. Number 27. Pp. 85-95. Persian
-Statistical Center of Iran, Results of the 2011 Housing and Population Census, Tehran, Iran.
-Zara Nejad, Mansour and Amir Hossein Montazer Hojjat. (2005). A Look at Women's Economic Participation in Iran, Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Volume. 5. Number. 17. pp. Persian
_||_