تحلیل محتوای مطالعات خارجی و داخلی تله‌ی توسعه‌نیافتگی در نواحی روستایی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

صدیقه کرمی نسب ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری رشتۀ جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
وحید ریاحی ² (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیا، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
حسن افراخته ³ (استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیا، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/11/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: تحلیل محتوا, تله‌ی توسعه نیافتگی, مطالعات روستایی,

چکیده مقاله :

یکی از جلوه‌های عمده استمرار توسعه نیافتگی را می‌توان در پیوستگی و حتی تشدید شکاف درآمد و ثروت میان کشورهای فقیر و کشورهای غنی، در جهان امروز مشاهده کرد. به عبارت دیگر، در همه کشورها اعم از پیشرفته و عقب مانده مناطقی از جمله روستاها وجود دارد که از رشد و توسعه کمتری نسبت به سایر مناطق برخوردارند و مردم این مناطق به دلایلی که خارج از کنترل آنها بوده از سطح رفاه کمتری نسبت به بقیه بهره می برند. از سوی دیگر تجربیات تمامی نظریات توسعه نشان می‌دهد که دستیابی به توسعه در هر سطحی و با هر هدفی که باشد نیازمند برنامه ریزی اصولی، کارامد و اجرای دقیق آن است. اما مسئله اصلی این است چه دلیلی باعث این شده که بعضی از مناطق از جمله نواحی روستایی که دارای منابع مهم و برتری‌های جهت رشد و توسعه می‌باشند نه تنها هیچ پیشرفتی نداشته‌اند بلکه به عنوان یک منطقه توسعه‌نیافته نسبت به مناطق اطراف خود باقی مانده‌اند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش جمع‌یندی مطالعات مربوط به موانع، چالش‌ها و تله توسعه‌نیافتگی و یا همان تله فقر در توسعه روستایی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا است. این پژوهش، در زمره پژوهشهای اسنادی و کتابخانه ای جای می‌گیرد. روش تحقیق توصیفی - تحلیلی بوده و رویکرد تحقیق کمی – کیفی با تأکید بر کیفی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه مقالات چاپ شده در ارتباط با موضوع پژوهش است که درنشریات داخلی و خارجی استفاده شده است. بر این اساس 95 مقاله انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که با توجه به تحلیل محتوای مطالعات صورت گرفته تله‌ی توسعه نیافتگی در نواحی روستایی در 4 معیار(تله‌های بهره وری، آسیب پذیری اجتماعی، نهادی و محیطی) مورد بررسی قرارگرفته‌شد، که بیشترین شاخصهای مربوط به تله‌های بهره‌وری، آسیب پذیری، نهادی و محیطی به ترتیب نوسان قیمت محصول، فقدان سرمایه و پس انداز، ضعف نهادها و فقدان زیرساخت و شبکه ارتباطی نسبت به سایر شاخصها می‌باشند. همچنین در مجموع تله‎ی آسیب پذیری اجتماعی و شاخصهای مربوط به آن بیشتر از سایر تله‌های توسعه نیافتگی در نواحی روستایی مورد توجه واقع شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Today, one of the major manifestations of continued underdevelopment can be seen in the continuity and even widening of the income and wealth gap between rich and poor countries in the world. In other words, in all countries, both advanced and backward, there are areas that have less growth and development than other areas, and the people of these areas have a lower level of welfare than others for reasons beyond their control. On the other hand, the experiences of all development theories show that achieving development at any level and with any goal requires principled, efficient planning and exact implementation. But the main question is what is the reason that some areas, including rural areas, which have important resources and advantages for growth and development, not only have not made any progress, but also remain as an underdeveloped area compared to the surrounding areas. The main purpose of this study is to summarize studies on barriers, challenges and underdevelopment traps or known as poverty traps in rural development using content analysis method. This research is among the documentary and library researches. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research approach is quantitative-qualitative with emphasis on qualitative. The statistical population of the study includes all published articles related to the research subject, used in Iranian and foreign publications. Based on the search in a valid database, 95 articles were selected and reviewed. The results of the research show that according to the content analysis of the studies, the underdevelopment trap in rural areas has been studied in 4 criteria (productivity trap, social vulnerability trap, institutional trap and environmental trap). The most indicators related to productivity trap, vulnerability trap, institutional trap and environmental trap are product price fluctuations, lack of capital and savings, weakness of institutions and lack of infrastructure and communication network compared to other indicators, respectively. Also, in general, social vulnerability traps and related indicators have received more attention than other underdeveloped traps in rural areas.

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