سنجش امنیت غذایی و واکاوی چالش‌های آن در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان بدر، شهرستان روانسر)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

داود جمینی ¹ , عباس امینی ² , حامد قادرمرزی ³ , جعفر توکلی ⁴

1 - دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی اصفهان و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 - عضو هیات علمی گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکد علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/08/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/08/01

کلید واژه: توسعه روستایی, امنیت غذایی, ناامنی غذایی, دهستان بدر,

چکیده مقاله :

       جوامع روستایی با تأمین بیش از دوسوم مواد غذایی، نقش قابل توجهی را تأمین امنیت غذایی کشور ایفا می­کنند. با این وجود شواهد نشان می­دهد وضعیت تأمین­کنندگان اصلی امنیت غذایی کشور در اثر عللی که تاکنون به آن توجه نشده است، حداقل در مقایسه با جوامع شهری، در وضعیت نامساعدی قرار دارد. از این­رو هدف از پژوهش ترکیبی حاضر سنجش امنیت غذایی و تبیین چالش­های پیشِ­روی آن در مناطق روستایی کشور است که به صورت موردی در میان سرپرستان خانوار ساکن در 24 سکونتگاه روستایی دهستان بدر واقع در شهرستان روانسر انجام گرفته است. در بخش کمی پژوهش حاضر برای سنجش امنیت غذایی از پرسشنامه استاندارد و جهانی وزارت کشاورزی آمریکا که روایی و پایایی آن در مطالعات متعددی تأیید شده است، استفاده شد. در این مرحله  175 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار به­عنوان نمونه آماری برآورد شده و نظرات آن­ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در بخش کیفی، گردآوری داده­ها از طریق مصاحبه با افراد کلیدی و مطلع با استفاده از نمونه­گیری هدفمند و با روش گلوله برفی، تا رسیدن به مرحله اشباع تئوریک ادامه داشت و داده­های گردآوری شده با استفاده از روش نظریه داده بنیاد (GTM) تحلیل شده­اند. نتایج بخش کمی پژوهش نشان داد امنیت غذایی در محدوده مورد مطالعه در شرایط نامساعدی قرار دارد به این صورت که 3/6 درصد افراد مورد مطالعه دارای امنیت غذایی، 7/9 درصد در شرایط ناامنی غذایی بدون گرسنگی، 1/25 درصد در شرایط ناامنی غذایی با گرسنگی متوسط و 9/58 درصد در شرایط ناامنی غذایی با گرسنگی شدید قرار گرفته­اند و بین روستاهای مورد مطالعه به لحاظ امنیت غذایی تفاوت معنی­داری وجود ندارد. همچنین، نتایج بخش کیفی پژوهش در ارتباط با چالش­های امنیت غذایی در محدوده مورد مطالعه نشان داد پنج چالش اساسی امنیت غذایی در محدوده مورد مطالعه که به­صورت زنجیره­واری با همدیگر در ارتباط هستند، عبارت­اند از: ضعف سیاست­گذاری­ها، ضعف شرایط اقتصادی، نارسایی­ها و مخاطره­های محیطی، موانع فرهنگی و تغییرات اجتماعی و ناپایداری کشاورزی.

چکیده انگلیسی:

      Rural societies, which are meeting more than two-third of food supplies, play an important role in providing food security in Iran. But, there are evidences which indicate that the situation of food security is unsuitable in comparison with urban areas. This situation result from some reasons that have not been considered yet. Therefore, this research is aimed at measuring food security and delineating its future challenges in Iran rural areas. To do this, household House Holder in 24 rural settlements were selected in Badr District as a case study. In quantitative section, for measurement of food security, a standard an international questionnaire from United States agricultural ministry were used, which its validity and reliability had been confirmed in several studies. In this phase, 175 of household House Holder were estimated as statistical sample and their point of views were examined. In qualitative part, data, which were collected from interview with key and knowledgeable, were continued until reaching to theory saturation by using purposeful sampling and snowball method and collected data were analyzed using Ground Theory Method. The results of quantitative section showed that food security is in an unsuitable situation, around 6.3% of persons placed in food security situation, 9.7% of persons in food insecurity without hunger, 25.1% of persons in food insecurity with moderate hunger and 58.9% of persons in in food insecurity with severe hunger. So, based on these results, there isn’t any significant relationship among studied rural areas in terms of food security. The results of qualitative section in relation to food security challenges also showed that there are five main challenges about food security in study area, which have a continuum relationship with each other. These challenges are: weak of policy making, weak of economic situation, continuum, environmental hazards, cultural obstacles, social changes and agricultural unsustainability.
 

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