تجربه زیسته مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی: مطالعه پدیدار شناختی

محورهای موضوعی : روان شناسی

سارا تقی زاده هیر ¹ , محمد نریمانی ² , سیف اله آقاجانی ³ , مهریار ندر محمدی ⁴ , سجاد بشرپور ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه روانپزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران
5 - استاد، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/12/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1403/01/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/02/18

کلید واژه: اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی, مادران, تجربه زیسته,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تجربه زیسته مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش‌فعالی بود. جامعه آماری تمام مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی بود که در سال 1401 به بخش روانپزشکی بیمارستان فاطمی شهر اردبیل مراجعه کرده بودند. نمونه پژوهش 20 نفر از مادران بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. روش پژوهش کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با مشارکت مادران این کودکان گردآوری شد. داده‌ها به روش پدیدارشناسی توصیفی کلایزی (2002) تحلیل شد. یافته های حاصل از تجارب زیسته مادران در قالب پنج مضمون اصلی و نوزده فرعی طبقه بندی گردید. مضمون های اصلی شامل مسائل فردی کودک، مسائل خانواده، مسائل اجتماعی، فرهنگی و هیجانی، مسائل درمانی و مسائل مدرسه بودند. هم چنین نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل تجارب زیسته مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی حاکی از وجود مجموعه‌ای مشکلات از جمله تفاوت های فرهنگی و تجربیات وابسته به فرهنگ و میزان تحصیلات شرکت کنندگان اشاره کرد. دسته ای دیگر از این مشکلات به دلیل دانش کم مادران و محیط آموزشی است. مشکلات کودکان موجب اختلال در کارکرد طبیعی خانواده می شود و روابط اجتماعی ، فرهنگی و تعاملات آن ها را نیز تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. بنابرین آگاه سازی مادران از ماهیت اختلال و آموزش الگوهای تعاملی با این کودکان می تواند از مشکلات پیش رو در این خانواده ها جلوگیری کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The statistical population included all mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who referred to the psychiatric center of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil city in 2023. The sample of the research enfolded 20 subjects whom were selected via purposive sampling method. The research method was a qualitative and phenomenological type. Data were attained through semi structured interviews with participant mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Data were analyzed with the seven-step descriptive phenomenological method of Colaizzi (2002). The obtained results of mothers’ lived experience were classified in 5 main themes and 19 subthemes. The main themes involved child individual problems, family problems, social and emotional problems, medical issues and school problems. The findings resulted from the analysis of the lived experiences of the children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder mothers also revealed the existence of a set of challenges including cultural diversity, culture-bound experiences and the participant educations levels. The other set of problems involved the mothers’ low knowledge and the educational environment. The children problems impose impairments on family natural function and influence their social, cultural and interactional relations. Therefore, making the mothers aware of the nature of the disorder and teaching interactive patterns with these children could prevent the problems facing these families.

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