ارزشیابی از برنامه‌های درسی مرتبط با کارآفرینی در دوره آموزش عمومی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
1 - استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.
کلید واژه: سنتزپژوهی, برنامۀ درسی کارآفرینی, ارزشیابی, رویکرد تطبیقی,
چکیده مقاله :
ارزشیابی عنصری مهم و اساسی در تمام برنامه‌های درسی قلمداد می‌شود؛ این مؤلفه در مواردی که برنامه درسی جنبه عملی و کاربردی دارد، پیچیدگی و گاه ابهام بیشتری دارد. در این مقاله، عنصر ارزشیابی برنامه‌های درسی مرتبط با کارآفرینی از طریق دو رویکرد تطبیقی و سنتزپژوهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است .در بخش تطبیق، ابتدا وضعیت موجود در ایران توصیف، سپ،س وضعیت مطلوب در کشورهای پیشرو ترسیم و در نهایت، مقایسه انجام پذیرفته است در مرحلۀ سنتزپژوهی نیز کلیۀ مطالعات داخلی و خارجی مرتبط طیّ سال های 1380 تا 1396 بررسی و از بطن آنها نسبت به سنتز و ترکیب یافته‌های پژوهشی اقدام شده است. طبق یافته‌های تحقیق، در کشور ایران براساس اسناد و راهنماهای معلم کتاب‌های مرتبط با کارآفرینی، انواع آزمون‌های قلم-کاغذی، کارپوشه، مشاهده، نمونه کار و ... برای این درس مناسب هستند. لیکن در کشورهای پیشرو و نیز یافته‌های تحقیقاتی، علاوه بر موارد فوق الذکر، رقابت‌های داخل و بین‌مدرسه‌ای و نیز راه‌اندازی کسب‌و‌کارهای کوچک شبیه‌سازی شده نیز به عنوان روش‌های ارزشیابی مورد تأکیدند. از سوی دیگر استفاده از آزمون‌های روانشناختی به‌ویژه آزمون انگیزه پیشرفت و خودکارآمدی در تعیین ویژگی‌های کارآفرینانه و اقدام نسبت به تقویت و پرورش آنها مهم است.
Evaluation is considered as an essential component in whole curricula; which is vaguer and more complicated once the curriculum has practical and applied aspects. Present paper has examined the evaluation component of curriculum through comparative and synthesis approaches. In comparative section, first the present state of Iran has been described, then the intended situation in advanced countries has been displayed and finally the comparison has been performed. In synthesis approach, all studies among 2000-2017 gathered and their findings synthesized. According to the results, in Iran, based on documentaries and teacher guide books on entrepreneurship, a variety of written tests, portfolio, observation, job sample, etc. are proper, however, in advanced countries and also research findings, competitions inside and between schools and simulated small start-ups are regarded as evaluation methods too. On the other hand, psychological tests, especially Need for Achievement and Self-Efficiency tests are important in determining and improving the entrepreneurial traits.
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