طراحی الگوی آموزش تفکر انتقادی واثربخشی آن بر مهارتهای تفکر انتقادی دانش آموزان پایه ششم ابتدایی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیهادی ساجدی راد 1 , جعفر جهانی 2 , مریم شفیعی سروستانی 3 , مهدی محمدی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه ریزی درسی، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
2 - دانشیارمدیریت آموزشی، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی دانشگاه شیراز،شیراز- ایران
3 - استادیارمدیریت آموزشی، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی دانشگاه شیراز،شیراز- ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
کلید واژه: مهارتهای انتقادی, مطالعات اجتماعی, تفکر انتقادی, الگوی آموزشی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیدههدف از انجام این پژوهش، طراحی الگوی آموزش تفکر انتقادی و اثربخشی آن بر مهارتهای تفکر انتقادی دانش‌آموزان پایۀ ششم ابتدایی استان خراسان رضوی بود. روش تحقیق آمیخته ، یعنی کمّی و سپس کیفی است؛ در بخش کمّی، جامعۀ آماری شامل تمام دانش‌آموزان پسر پایۀ ششم ابتدایی استان خراسان رضوی درسال تحصیلی 98-1397 بود که با استفاده از یک طرح نیمه‌آزمایشی (پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل) از بین دانش‌آموزان پایۀ ششم استان خراسان رضوی 75نفر به عنوان نمونۀ آماری انتخاب شدند. برای بررسی متغیرهای تحقیق و گردآوری داده‌ها از مقیاس تفکر انتقادی کالیفرنیا و برای محاسبۀ ضریب پایایی از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده گردید . بر این اساس برای این پرسشنامه ضریب روایی81/0 و ضریب پایایی معادل 84/0 به دست آمد. برای تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی (میانه، میانگین و...) و استنباطی(T تک‌نمونه ای، تحلیل واریانس) استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS21 انجام شد. بخش کیفی مطالعه از نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. جامعه و نمونۀ مورد مطالعه افرادی را شامل می‌شد که به شکل هدفمند در بخش کمی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند و حجم نمونه بر اساس اشباع نظری تعیین شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته و برای اعتباریابی داده ها از معیار گوبا و لینکون استفاده شد. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از روش کوربین و استراوس انجام شد که در این روش داده ها به سه سطح باز، محوری و انتخابی تقسیم می شوند. در بخش کیفی، نتایج تحقیق منجر به طراحی الگویی شد که شامل هفت بُعد (تحلیل و ارزیابی، روحیۀ نقد، خلاقیت، مهارتهای زندگی، تفکر انتقادی، عزت‌نفس و یادگیری) بود. نتایج در بخش کمی تحقیق نشان داد که الگوی طراحی‌شده موجب افزایش مهارت های انتقادی و تفکر انتقادی دانش‌آموزان شده است.واژگان کلیدی: الگوی آموزش، مطالعات اجتماعی، تفکر انتقادی، مهارت های انتقادی.
The purpose of this study was to design a model for teaching critical thinking and its effectiveness on critical thinking skills of sixth grade elementary students in Khorasan Razavi province. The research method is mixed, ie first it was quantitative and then qualitative. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all sixth grade male students in Khorasan Razavi province in the academic year 2018-2019, which using a quasi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test with control group) among sixth grade students in Khorasan Razavi province (75 people) were selected as a statistical sample. The California Critical Thinking Scale was used to examine the variables of research and data collection. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the reliability coefficient. Accordingly, for this questionnaire, the validity coefficient was 0.81 and the reliability coefficient was 0.84. Descriptive statistics (mean, mean, etc.) and inferential statistics (one-sample T, analysis of variance) were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software. In the qualitative part of the study, it was phenomenological. The study population and sample included individuals who were purposefully studied in the quantitative section and the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Goba and Linkon criteria were used to validate the data. Data analysis was performed using Corbin and Strauss method in which data are divided into three levels: open, axial and selective. In the qualitative part of the research results led to the design of a model that included seven dimensions (analysis and evaluation, critical thinking, creativity, life skills, critical thinking, self-esteem and learning). And it becomes students' critical thinking.
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