ارائه مسیر نماهای نظام آموزشی فنی وحرفه ای متوسطه ایران
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
زهره باقرزاده
1
(1دانشجوی دکتری برنامه ریزی درسی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران)
علیرضا عصاره
2
(2استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: ژاپن, انگلستان, نظام آموزشی فنی و حرفه‌ای متوسطه آمریکا, ایران, آلمان, بررسی تطبیقی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی ویژگی‌های نظام آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای دوره متوسطه کشورهای آمریکا، آلمان، انگلستان، ژاپن به منظور ارائه مسیرنماهایی جهت بهبود بخشیدن به نظام آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای ایران است. پژوهش حاضر یک پیمایش تطبیقی است. گردآوری داده‌ها به روش اسنادی و مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای وهمچنین جست وجو درسایت‌های مرتبط اینترنتی مانند یونسکو، سایت‌های وزارت آموزش و پرورش کشورهای مورد مطالعه صورت گرفته است. الگوی مورد استفاده، جرج بردی است. مهمترین نتایج به دست آمده نشان داده است که کیفیت بخشی به نظام آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای، ایجاد اعتماد به نفس، رشد کارایی شغلی، کارآفرینی، تناسب بابازارهای بین المللی، جزو اهداف اختصاصی کشورهای مورد مطالعه است. تدوین چهارچوب ملی صلاحیت، استفاده از رویکرد تلفیقی در تربیت معلمان، اختصاص ساعات بیشتر به کارورزی، ارتباط معلمان با شرکت‌ها و ادامه همکاری و فعالیت زیر نظر یک استاد کار مجرب و ارزشیابی با استفاده از ابزار متنوع، انواع متعدد (پایانی ، تکوینی، مستمر)، توجه به حیطه عاطفی، اخلاق حرفه‌ای و ارزشیابی گروهی در این کشورها مورد نظر قرار گرفته است. به منظور بهبود وضعیت نظام آموزشی فنی و حرفه‌ای کشور عزیزمان می‌توانیم با الگوگیری از موفقیت‌های کشورهای پیشرفته و کاربست الگوها و رویکردهای آموزشی مناسب آنها، وضعیت کارآفرینی دانش آموختگان را ارتقا دهیم.
Focusing on the USA, the UK, Germany, and Japan, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of technical and vocational educational system in such countries to improve the vocational and technical educational system in Iran. This study was a comparative survey. Data were collected using documentary method and libraries research as well as surfing the related websites as UNESCO and Ministries of Education of the studied countries. The used pattern was George Brady. Based on the findings, improving the quality of educational system, building confidence, promoting the employment efficiency, entrepreneurship, and adopting with the international markets were the determined purpose of such countries in this very field. Developing a national qualifications framework, using an eclectic approach for teacher training, allocating more hours devoted for the internship, communicating teachers with companies, continuing corporation under the supervision of an expert, having evaluation by using a variety of different types (lasting, formative, continuous), considering the emotional factors, professional ethics, and grouping evaluation were highly noticed in these countries.Taking the successful models of developed countries into consideration and applying them in our vocational and technical educational system in our country would provide more occupational chances for graduate students.
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