تنوع بخشی مشاغل و چالش‌های آن در توسعه پایدار روستائی از دیدگاه کارشناسان(مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان لنگرود)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی روستایی و عشایری
حبیب اله رضادوست
1
,
علیرضا استعلاجی
2
,
محمدصادق اللهیاری
3
,
مجید ولی شریعت پناهی
4
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، واحد یادگارامام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه جغرافیا، واحد یادگارامام خمینی (ره) شهر ری ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیارگروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: متنوع سازی, مشاغل, کارشناسان, دلفی,
چکیده مقاله :
در اکثر کشورهای در حال توسعه، بخش کشاورزی نقش مهمی در ایجاد درآمد و فرصت‌های شغلی جهت رفع نیازهای مناطق روستایی ایفا می‌کند. به طوری که فقدان تنوع در بسترهای اقتصادی و فرصت‌های شغلی از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های روستاهای کشور است. در این راستا؛ رویکرد متنوع‌سازی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی روستایی بایستی به عنوان راهکاری مفید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناخت چالش های متنوع سازی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در روستاهای شهرستان لنگرود انجام شد. در این مطالعه، از روش دلفی در دو مرحله استفاده شد که جهت انجام این پژوهش تعداد 15 کارشناس به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. با توجه به اینکه در این مقاله، مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها از دیدگاه کارشناسان مورد تحلیل قرار می‌گیرد در مرحله اول برای 16 نفر از کارشناسان از سوالات باز استفاده شد. در راند دوم با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای نتایج مرحله اول، پرسشنامه مرحله دوم با استفاده از طیف لیکرت طراحی شد، پنل متخصصان در این پژوهش 113 مشکل را در مسیر توسعه و تنوع بخشی اشتغال روستایی مطرح کردند. نتایج نشان داد که مهم‌ترین مشکلات عبارتند از: نبود رابطه نزدیک بین صاحبان علم و دانش با تولیدکنندگان و صاحبان مشاغل روستاها(میانگین: 69/8 انحراف معیار: 31/1)، فقدان انگیزه لازم برای انجام فعالیت‌های کشاورزی(میانگین: 61/8 انحراف معیار: 39/1)، عدم شناخت دقیق، علمی و طبقه‌بندی شده مسئولین مرتبط با اشتغال از مفهوم تنوع بخشی در جوامع روستایی (میانگین: 54/8، انحراف معیار: 71/1) و فقدان ثبات در برنامه‌ها و سیاست‌های اجرایی در روستاهای شهرستان لنگرود(میانگین: 31/8 انحراف معیار: 06/2) که عدم تنوع شغلی را به همراه داشتند.
In most developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in generating income and job opportunities to meet the needs of rural areas. So that the lack of diversity in economic contexts and job opportunities is one of the most important features of the country's villages. In this regard; the approach of diversifying rural economic activities should be considered as a useful solution. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of diversification of economic activities in Langroud township . In this study, the Delphi method was used in two stages and 15 experts were purposefully selected to do this research. In order to analyze the most important challenges from the perspective of experts in this article, in the first stage, open-ended questions were used for 16 experts. In the second round, using content analysis of the results of the first stage, the second stage questionnaire was designed using the Likert scale. In this study, a panel of experts identified 113 problems in the development and diversification of rural employment. The results showed that the most important problems were "lack of close relationship between science and knowledge owners with producers and rural business owners, lack of motivation to do agricultural activities, lack of accurate, scientific and classified knowledge of employment-related officials about the concept of diversification in rural communities and lack of stability in the programs and executive policies in the villages of Langroud township" which resulted in a lack of job diversity.
Afrakhteh, H., Riyahi, V., & Javan, F. (2015). Economic sustainability of rural settlements in Rezvanshahr city. Journal of Geography, 13(46), 93-117. (In Persian)
Alavizadeh, A. M. & Mirlotfi, M. R. (2013). The role of non-farm economy on the sustainability of villagers in rural areas of Semirom County. Journal of Regional planning, 3(10), 71-82. (In Persian)
Anabestani A. A., Tayebnia, S. H., Shayan, H. & Rezvani, M. R. (2015). The analysis of barriers regarding variations in economic activities of bordering villages located in Marivan. Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development, 3(10), 87-111. (In Persian)
Azkia, M., & Ghaffari, G. (2001). Investigating the relationship between trust and social participation in rural areas of Kashan County. Journal of Social Sciences Letter, 17(17), 3-33. (In Persian)
Barani Pesyani,V. (2006). The feasibility of the development of cottage industries in theAjabshir Township, (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation) Tehran university, Iran.
Barrett, C. B., Reardon, T. and Webb, p. (2001). Non-farm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: concepts, dynamics and implications. Journal of Foot policy, 26(4), 315-331.
Demurger, S., Fournier, M., & Yang, W. (2010). Rural households' decisions towards income diversification:Evidence from a Township in northern Chinaz. China Economic Review 21, 32-44.
Farahani, H., & Haj Hosseini, S. (2011). The Role of Rural Entrepreneurship in the Sustainable Rural Development of Gilan. Proceedings of the National Conference on Geography and Rural Planning, Guilan University, P5. (In Persian)
Ghaffari, G., Mirzaei, H., & Karimi, A. (2011). Investigating the relationship between industry and quality of life - A case study of rural areas of Qarveh City. Joural of Rural Development, 3(1), 1-24. (In Persian)
Ghasemi, M., & Javan, J. (2014). Clarification of the Relationship between Diversification of Economic Activities and Sustainable Rural Development Case Study: Mashhad Township. Journal of Rural lResearch, 5(2), 237-262. (In Persian)
Hajinejad, A., & Mozaffari, Z. (2015). Investigating the Efficacy of Non-agricultural Activities in Rural Settlements’ Economic and Social Development (Case Study: Firouzeh Mines in Khorasan Razavi). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 5(1), 123-135. (In Persian)
Ilo. (2010). Gender Mainstreaming in Local Economic Development strategies. A guide (Geneva: 2010), Available, (19), 10-35.
Javan, F., Afrakhteh, H., & Riyahi, V. (2017). Investigation of the Potentials and Obstacles for Diversifying Livelihood Leading to Sustainable Rural Development (Case Study: Rezvanshahr County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 6(4), 89-106. (In Persian)
Javan, J., Alavizadeh, S. A. M., & Kermani, M. (2011). The role of diversification of economic activities in sustainable rural development (Case study: Semirom County). Journal of Geography, 9(29), 17-43. (In Persian)
Kalantari, K., Asadi, A., Shabanali Fami, A., & Choobchian, S. (2007). Major Rural Development Challenges in Iran to Achieve Sustainable Development. Journal of Sociology, 8, 103-119. (In Persian)
Keles, R. (2012). The Quality of Life and the Environment. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 23-32.
Kimenju, S. C. and De Groote, H. (2008). Consumer willingness to pay for genetically modified food in Kenya. Agricultural Economics, 38, 35 –46.
Molavi, M. (2011). Investigating the role of rural industries in the process of economic and social development (Case study: Rural area of Mahabad city). MSc Thesis, Tabriz university. (In Persian)
Motiee Langroudi, S. H. (2003). Rural planning with emphasis on Iran. Mashad, Jahad Daneshgahi Pulications, P 152. (In Persian)
Motiee Langroudi, S. H., Riyahi, V., Jalaliyan, H., & Ahmadi, A. (2019). Effective analysis of diversification of economic activities from the Rural People perspective (Case study: villages of Saqez city). Journal of Human Geographical Research, 51(1), 193-209. (In Persian)
Papoli Yazdi, M. H.، & Ebrahimi 2006، Rural Developmet theories، samt Pubication، Tehran.306.
Pasban, F. (2007). Investigate the Effective Factors on non-agricultural employment in Khorasan province. 6th Conference of Agricultural Economics, Iran, Mashhad, P 4.
Prag, P. and Gazette, E. (2002). Rural Diversification, Second Edition, London.
Rahbari, M., Shafie Sabet, N., & Rezaai, Z. (2017). Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Diversification of Non-Agricultural Economics and its Impact on the Sustainability of Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Sarvelayat Division, Neyshabur County. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 15(1), 237-258. (In Persian)
Rezadoost, H., Allahyari, M. S., Kheiri, S., & Noorhoseini, S. A. (2012). Analysis of managerial-political barriers and problems of facing the tea industry in Gilan province, Rasht Township. Journal of Human Residence Planning Studies (Geographical Perspective), 6(19), 92-107. (In Persian)
Riyahi, V., & Nouri A. (2014). Variation of Economic Activities and Achievement of rural sustainability Case: Khoramdareh. Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development, 3(10), 113-128. (In Persian)
Sadeghie-e-Chamchengi, S., Taghdisi, A., & Seydaiee, S. E. (2015). The Effect of Economic Diversity on Rural Regions’ Sustainability (Case study: Shahrekord County Rural Area). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 5(3), 25-37. (In Persian)
Sarookhani, B. (2004). Qualitative Delphi, Research Tools in the Social Sciences. Journal of Women Studies, 2(4), 85-122. (In Persian)
Shayan, H., Taghillo, A. A., & Khosrobeigi, R. (2012). An analysis of the role of people’s participation lity of rural economy: A case study: Eijroud Dehestan, Eijroud County, Zanjan province. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 19, 71-94. (In Persian)
Sheri, M. (2012). Assessment of the economic and social role of traditional and semi-industrial livestock in job diversity and sustainable rural development (Case study: Salas Babajani city, Zamkan village). MSc Thesis, Zanjan University, P15. (In Persian)
Tiago, V., Cavalcanti, de V. & Tavares, J. (2008). Women prefer larger governments: growth, structural transformation and government size’, 1-27, Available on: htpp//www.econ.cam. Ac.uk/faculty/ …/ wgcavalcantiandtavares.
Vallaee, M., & Mohammadi Yeganeh, B. (2014). Variation in rural economy as a means of achievement of sustainable development Case: northern Marhamat Abad in Miandoab. Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development, 3(8), 54-70. (In Persian)
Vallaee, M., Karimzadeh, H., & Manafi Azar, R. (2018). Analysis of barriers to the development of micro-businesses in rural areas of Miandoab County. Journal of Space Economy & Rural Development, 7(3), 183-208. (In Persian)
World Bank. (2006), Rural Reform, Nonfarm Development, and RuralModernization In China; Dong Fureng.
Yasoori, M. (2009). Introduction to Rural Economy, with Emphasis on Agriculture. Mashhad, Beh Nashr Publication, P 132. (In Persian)
Yasoori, M. (2015). Introduction to Rural Economy, with Emphasis on Agriculture. Rasht, Guilan University Publication, P 37. (In Persian)
Zareen, F., Naqvi, M., Lubna, Sh. (2002). how do women decide to work in PakistanDevelopment Review, 4(4), 1-23.
_||_