تحلیلی بر تداوم حیات میراث صنعتی در فرایند بازکاربری تطبیقی مبتنی بر ابعاد پایداری محیطی
محورهای موضوعی : آمایش سرزمین
میلاد اجلالی دیز
1
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مهسا دلشاد سیاهکلی
2
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1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه معماری، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، مرکز تحقیقات مطالعات بافت های تاریخی، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: بازکاربری, تطبیق پذیری, احیا, میراث صنعتی ایران, هویت شهری.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: عملکرد بنای تاریخی ممکن است در پی بروز تغییرات در هنجارهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی دستخوش دگرگونی‌های بسیاری شود، از این رو کارکردپذیری در انطباق با نیازهای جامعه، محرکهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی را در پی خواهد داشت. هدف این مطالعه، تبیین شاخص‌های بازکاربری منطبق با تغییر کاربری میراث صنعتی به کاربری فرهنگی با تأکید بر پایداری محیطی است. در مرحله بعد، سنجش نوع و میزان تأثیر شاخص‌های استخراج شده در تغییرکاربری بناهای صنعتی برای تداوم حیات آنها ارزیابی می‌شود.
روش بررسی: روش تحقیق این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و با استفاده از تکنیک‌های توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است. در این راستا، با بررسی ادبیات و پیشینه موضوع، چارچوب نظری تحقیق تدوین و شاخص‌های اصلی تبیین گردید. در مرحله میدانی، جهت تحلیل نوع روابط و اولویت بندی مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها، از تحلیل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته متخصصین با استفاده از روش های ترکیبی تئوری تصمیم گیری چند معیاره فازی بر اساس (DANP) DEMATEL و به صورت فازی مثلثی انجام شد. در گام بعدی، از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبیAHP جهت سنجش میزان تأثیر هر یک از ابعاد پایداری محیطی در تغییرکاربری بناهای صنعتی استفاده شد.
یافته ها: آنچه در تحلیل چگونگی فرآیند کارکردپذیری بناهای تاریخی صنعتی مورد توجه گرفت، غلبه تمرکز بر جنبه‌های اقتصادی با کمترین توجه به جنبه‌های زیست محیطی می باشد. این اولویت‌بندی می تواند به دلیل تأثیرات آشکار و مستقیم عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی در کوتاه‌مدت و همچنین عدم آگاهی نسبت به تأثیرات زیست محیطی در دراز مدت انجام باشد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که از میان سه بعد پایداری محیطی (اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی) در فرایند کارکردپذیری نمونه بناهای تاریخی صنعتی تطبیقی، بعد اقتصادی بیشترین و بعد زیست محیطی کمترین میزان توجه را به خود اختصاص داده اند. علت این امر را می توان در عدم توجه به شاخص های "احیا و حفاظت از منظر" در بعد زیست محیطی جست که به طور مستقیم می تواند بر شاخص های بعد اجتماعی چون "تداوم هویت" و "دلبستگی به مکان" نیز تاثیر منفی گذاشته و در پی آن شاخص های بعد اقتصادی را به چالش بکشد. از این رو به نظر می رسد تعادل بخشی بین سه بعد پایداری محیطی باعث تداوم حیات موفق تر در بناهای تاریخی تطبیق پذیر می گردد.
Background and Objective: The function of historical buildings may undergo significant transformations in response to changes in social and economic norms, necessitating adaptability to meet the needs of society and economic and social drivers. The objective of this study is to elucidate the indicators of adaptive reuse in accordance with the change of use of industrial heritage to cultural use with an emphasis on environmental sustainability. Subsequently, the type and extent of the impact of the extracted indicators on the change of use of industrial buildings for their continued existence are evaluated.
Material and Methodology: The research method employed in this study is applied and utilizes descriptive-analytical techniques. In this context, the theoretical framework of the research was developed and the main indicators were elucidated by examining the literature and background of the subject. In the field stage, to analyze the type of relationships and prioritize the components and indicators, a questionnaire developed by experts was analyzed using a combination of fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods based on (DANP) DEMATEL and fuzzy triangular. In the next step, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to measure the impact of each of the environmental sustainability dimensions on the change of use of industrial buildings.
Findings: In the analysis of the process of functionalization of industrial historical buildings, the emphasis on economic aspects with the least attention to environmental aspects is noteworthy. This prioritization may be due to the obvious and direct impacts of economic and social factors in the short term and the lack of awareness of environmental impacts in the long term.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that among the three dimensions of environmental sustainability (economic, social, and environmental) in the adaptive functionalization process of sample industrial historical buildings, the economic dimension has received the most attention and the environmental dimension the least. The reason for this can be found in the lack of attention to the "landscape restoration and protection" indicators in the environmental dimension, which can directly have a negative impact on the social dimension indicators such as "continuity of identity" and "attachment to place" and consequently challenge the economic dimension indicators. Therefore, it seems that balancing the three dimensions of environmental sustainability leads to more successful continued existence in adaptive historical buildings.
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