مدل اثربخشی رهبری معنوی بر مبنای دستیابی به رفتارشهروندی سازمانی و بهره‌وری کارکنان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیمهدی اله وردی زاده 1 , رضا خدایی محمودی 2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری پژوهش محور،مدیریت دولتی، واحد تبریز،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت ،واحد مرند،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،مرند،ایران
کلید واژه: رفتارشهروندی سازمانی, بهره‌وری کارکنان, رهبری معنوی,
چکیده مقاله :
مدل رهبری معنوی تأثیر بسیار زیادی را در بسیاری از نتایج نشان داده است. این نتایج هم در سطح فردی و هم در سطح تیمی که شامل میزان تولید کارکنان، تعهد سازمانی، رضایت کارکنان و رشد فروش می باشد، قابل مشاهده است؛ بر همین اساس هدف این مقاله بررسی اثربخشی رهبری معنوی بر مبنای دستیابی به رفتارشهروندی سازمانی و بهره وری کارکنان می باشد. به منظور دستیابی به هدف تحقیق، شش فرضیه مطرح شده است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- همبستگی و جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل کلیه کارکنان شهرداری تبریز می باشد. به منظورجمع اوری داده ها از پنج پرسش نامه بر اساس متغیر های تحقیق استفاده گردیده است. پرسش نامه های تحقیق پس از تعیین روایی و پایایی در بین نمونه آماری توزیع شده اند. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از مدل سازی مسیری- ساختاری در قالب رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی استفاده گردیده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که رهبری معنوی بر رفتار شهروندی سازمانی و بهره وری کارکنان تأثیر مثبتی داشته است.
Research findings have supported the effectiveness of Spiritual Leadership Model at both individual and team levels in the raising production rate, organizational commitment, employee satisfaction and sales growth. The purpose of this study was, thus, to evaluate the effect of Spiritual Leadership based on the achievement of organizational citizenship behavior and productivity of employees. To serve the purpose, six null hypotheses were formulated in this correlational research study. The participants included all the employees working at Tabriz municipality. We gleaned the research data using five questionnaires measuring the research variables. The questionnaires were all validated in a pilot study. The collected data were analyzed based on modeling route - a structure in the form of partial least squares approach. The results showed that Spiritual Leadership both had positive effects on organizational citizenship behavior and employee productivity.
Acaray, A., & Akturan, A. (2015), The relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational silence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 472-482.
Afsar, B., Badir, Y. and Safdar Kiani, U. (2016), Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79-88.
Aydin, B & Ceylan, A. (2009), The effect of spiritual leadership on organizational learning capacity, African Journal of Business Management, 3(5): 184-190.
Benefiel, M. (2005), The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 723-747.
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2004), Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 901–910.
Borman W. C. (2004a), “Introduction to the special issue: Personality and the prediction of job performance: More than the big five”, Human Performance, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 267-269.
Burke, R. (2006), Leadership and spirituality, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, VOL. 8 (6), pp. 14-25.
Chen, C-Y. & Li, C.(2013), Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: The contribution of follower's self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial positio, The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 240-255.
Fry, L. W. (2003), Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693 727.
Fry, L. W. (2008), Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 265–278.
Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. P. (2009), Spiritual Leadership as a Paradigm for Organizational Transformation and Recovery from Extended Work Hours Cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 265–278.
Fry, L. W., & Kriger, M. (2009), towards a theory of being-centered leadership: Multiple levels of being as context for effective leadership. Human Relations, 62(11), 1667–1696.
Fry, L. W., & Matherly, L. (2006), Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia.
Fry, L. W., & Slocum, J. (2008), Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 37, 86–96.
Fry, L. W., Nisiewicz, M., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2007a), transforming city government through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Fry, L. W., Nisiewicz, M., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2007b), Transforming police organizations through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005), Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and stabling a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 835–862.
Fry, L.W & Matherly L. L & Ouimet.J.R. (2010), The Spiritual Leadership Balanced Scorecard Business Model: the case of the Cordon Bleu Tomasso Corporation, Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 7(4): 283–314.
Givarian, H; Dindar Farkoush, F. & Charmian, A.(2012), Determining moral leader and reciprocal relations of leader-follower, Quarterly Journal of Industrial Strategic Management(pajouheshgar):, 8(24), 70-79.
Jex, S. M., & Britt, T. W. (2014), Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Jung, D. I., & Avolio, B. J. (2000), Opening the black box: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of trust and value congruence on transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 949–964.
Klaus, L. and Fernando, M. (2016), Enacting spiritual leadership in business through ego-transcendence", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(1), 71-92.
Lim, B. T., & Loosemore, M. (2017), The effect of inter-organizational justice perceptions on organizational citizenship behaviors in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), 95-106.
Lim, B. T., & Loosemore, M. (2017), The effect of inter-organizational justice perceptions on organizational citizenship behaviors in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), 95-106.
López-Domínguez, M., Enache, M., Sallan, J. M., & Simo, P. (2013), Transformational leadership as an antecedent of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2147-2152.
Lord, R. G., & Brown, D. J. (2001), Leadership, values and subordinate self-concepts. The Leadership Quarterly,12,133–152.
Malone, P& Fry, L .(2003), Transforming Schools Through Spiritual Leadership: A Field Experiment, American Educational Research Journal.
Motowidlo, S. J. (2003), Job performance, in Borman, W. C., Ilgen, D. R. and R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: industrial and organizational psychology, John Wiley & Sons Hoboken, NJ, pp. 39-53.
Organ, D. W. (1997), Organizational citizenship behavior: it’s construct cleanup time, Human Performance, Vol. 10, pp. 85-97.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990), Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000), Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513-563.
Shamir, B. (1990), Calculation, values, and identities: The sources of collectivistic work motivation. Human Relations, 43: 313–332
Sosik, J. J., & Dworakivsky, A. C. (1998), Self-concept based aspects of the charismatic leader: More than meets the eye. The Leadership Quarterly, 9: 503–526.
Todd, S. Y., & Kent, A. (2006), Direct and Indirect Effects of Task Characteristics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2).
Williams, R. S. (2002), Managing employee performance: Design and implementation in organizations. Cengage Learning EMEA.
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Acaray, A., & Akturan, A. (2015), The relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational silence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 472-482.
Afsar, B., Badir, Y. and Safdar Kiani, U. (2016), Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79-88.
Aydin, B & Ceylan, A. (2009), The effect of spiritual leadership on organizational learning capacity, African Journal of Business Management, 3(5): 184-190.
Benefiel, M. (2005), The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 723-747.
Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2004), Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 901–910.
Borman W. C. (2004a), “Introduction to the special issue: Personality and the prediction of job performance: More than the big five”, Human Performance, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 267-269.
Burke, R. (2006), Leadership and spirituality, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, VOL. 8 (6), pp. 14-25.
Chen, C-Y. & Li, C.(2013), Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: The contribution of follower's self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial positio, The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 240-255.
Fry, L. W. (2003), Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693 727.
Fry, L. W. (2008), Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 265–278.
Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. P. (2009), Spiritual Leadership as a Paradigm for Organizational Transformation and Recovery from Extended Work Hours Cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 265–278.
Fry, L. W., & Kriger, M. (2009), towards a theory of being-centered leadership: Multiple levels of being as context for effective leadership. Human Relations, 62(11), 1667–1696.
Fry, L. W., & Matherly, L. (2006), Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia.
Fry, L. W., & Slocum, J. (2008), Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 37, 86–96.
Fry, L. W., Nisiewicz, M., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2007a), transforming city government through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Fry, L. W., Nisiewicz, M., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2007b), Transforming police organizations through spiritual leadership: Measurement and establishing a baseline. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005), Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and stabling a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 835–862.
Fry, L.W & Matherly L. L & Ouimet.J.R. (2010), The Spiritual Leadership Balanced Scorecard Business Model: the case of the Cordon Bleu Tomasso Corporation, Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 7(4): 283–314.
Givarian, H; Dindar Farkoush, F. & Charmian, A.(2012), Determining moral leader and reciprocal relations of leader-follower, Quarterly Journal of Industrial Strategic Management(pajouheshgar):, 8(24), 70-79.
Jex, S. M., & Britt, T. W. (2014), Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Jung, D. I., & Avolio, B. J. (2000), Opening the black box: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of trust and value congruence on transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 949–964.
Klaus, L. and Fernando, M. (2016), Enacting spiritual leadership in business through ego-transcendence", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(1), 71-92.
Lim, B. T., & Loosemore, M. (2017), The effect of inter-organizational justice perceptions on organizational citizenship behaviors in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), 95-106.
Lim, B. T., & Loosemore, M. (2017), The effect of inter-organizational justice perceptions on organizational citizenship behaviors in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), 95-106.
López-Domínguez, M., Enache, M., Sallan, J. M., & Simo, P. (2013), Transformational leadership as an antecedent of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2147-2152.
Lord, R. G., & Brown, D. J. (2001), Leadership, values and subordinate self-concepts. The Leadership Quarterly,12,133–152.
Malone, P& Fry, L .(2003), Transforming Schools Through Spiritual Leadership: A Field Experiment, American Educational Research Journal.
Motowidlo, S. J. (2003), Job performance, in Borman, W. C., Ilgen, D. R. and R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: industrial and organizational psychology, John Wiley & Sons Hoboken, NJ, pp. 39-53.
Organ, D. W. (1997), Organizational citizenship behavior: it’s construct cleanup time, Human Performance, Vol. 10, pp. 85-97.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990), Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000), Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513-563.
Shamir, B. (1990), Calculation, values, and identities: The sources of collectivistic work motivation. Human Relations, 43: 313–332
Sosik, J. J., & Dworakivsky, A. C. (1998), Self-concept based aspects of the charismatic leader: More than meets the eye. The Leadership Quarterly, 9: 503–526.
Todd, S. Y., & Kent, A. (2006), Direct and Indirect Effects of Task Characteristics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2).
Williams, R. S. (2002), Managing employee performance: Design and implementation in organizations. Cengage Learning EMEA.