The effect of 4 weeks of bromelain supplementation on inflammatory indices after supermaximal weightlifting exercises
Subject Areas : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
saghi Sepasgozar Sarkhoush
1
,
Ramin Shabani
2
,
mohadeseh dadmanesh
3
1 - Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 - Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
3 - MA. in Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Keywords: Bromelain Supplement, CBC-diff, IL-6, LDH, Super Maximal Weightlifting Exercises,
Abstract :
Introduction: Super Maximal has been considered as a method for enhancing the athletic performance of sportspeople; however, it can lead to injury, muscle fatigue, and increased serum enzyme concentrations, which come with side effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of bromelain supplementation on inflammatory markers following maximal weightlifting exercises.
Materials & Methods: The research was conducted using a pre-test and post-test design. The population and statistical participants of this research consisted of 11 female weightlifters with 3 to 5 years of training experience (age, weight and body mass index: 22 ± 7.5 years, 65 ± 8.5 kg and 24 ± 2.3) respectively. A sample was selected from the chosen weightlifting club in the city of Rasht, and consent forms were obtained from all participants. This study was conducted in four stages: (Stage One: 48 hour after normal training; Stage Two: 12 hours after supermaximal, followed by 30 days of bromelain supplementation+normal training; Stage Three: 12 hours after supermaximal, followed by 30 days of placebo plus normal training; Stage Four: 12 hours after supermaximal). In this study, blood samples were obtained for measurement of (white blood cell counts, serum IL-6 and LDH). For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used in SPSS version 26 with a p<0.05.
Results: The findings showed 4 weeks of bromelain supplementation had a significant reducing effect on serum IL-6 levels after supermaximal weightlifting exercises (P < 0.05), But it had no significant effect on other components.
Conclusion: Supermaximal exercises lead to significant inflammation; bromelain is likely one of the substances that influence this process. Based on the results of this study, bromelain could be used to manage inflammation levels in athletes.
1. Bahri S, Adnyana IK, Hasan MF, Apriantono T, Juniarsyah AD. The Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Recovery and Performance of Weightlifting Athletes. Sport Mont. 2022;20(2):57-61.
2. Arazi H, Asadi A. One repetition maximum test increases serum indices of muscle damage and soreness in trained and untrained males. Apunts Medicina de l'Esport. 2013;48(178):49-54.
3. Nazari M, Shabani R, Hassanzadeh-Rad A, Esfandiari MA, Dalili S. Effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on inflammatory factors and growth hormones in children with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials. 2023;24(1):519.
4. Chen L, Sun P, Wang T, Chen K, Jia Q, Wang H, et al. Diverse mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of the different procyanidin oligomer types of two different cinnamon species on db/db mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012;60(36):9144-50.
5. Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Skoumas J, Zeimbekis A, Kokkinos P, et al. Association of leisure-time physical activity on inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, white cell blood count, serum amyloid A, and fibrinogen) in healthy subjects (from the ATTICA study). American Journal of Cardiology. 2003;91(3):368-70.
6. Hong W-H, Lo S-F, Wu H-C, Chiu M-C. Effects of compression garment on muscular efficacy, proprioception, and recovery after exercise-induced muscle fatigue onset for people who exercise regularly. Plos one. 2022;17(2):e0264569.
7. Minjares M, Wu W, Wang J-M. Oxidative stress and microRNAs in endothelial cells under metabolic disorders. Cells. 2023;12(9):1341.
8. Consorti G, Monarchi G, Paglianiti M, Betti E, Balercia P. Reduction of Post-Surgical Facial Edema Following Bromelain and Coumarin Intake in Traumatology: A Prospective Study with 100 Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024;13(4):922.
9. Bertuccioli A, Zonzini G, Bernabucci A. Use of a mixture of powdered Montmorency tart cherry skin, highly standardized Tanacetum parthenium extract and bromelain in powerlifting athletes: a preliminary study. International Journal on Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods and Novel Foods. 2021.
10. Momtaz A, Elmieh A. The effect of a single about of resistance exercise with two intensities and different recovery on pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and interleukin-6, inflammatory marker hs-CRP, and systemic immune-inflammatory marker SII on female bodybuilders. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2024.
11. Donges C, Duffield R, Drinkwater E. Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and body composition. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2010;42(2):304-13.
12. Bigdeli TB, Ripke S, Peterson RE, Trzaskowski M, Bacanu S-A, Abdellaoui A, et al. Genetic effects influencing risk for major depressive disorder in China and Europe. Translational psychiatry. 2017;7(3):e1074-e.
13. Daud SMM, Sukri NM, Johari MH, Gnanou J, Manaf FA. Pure juice supplementation: its effect on muscle recovery and sports performance. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS. 2023;30(1):31.
14. Park C-H, Kim K-B, Han J, Ji J-G, Kwak Y-S. Cardiac damage biomarkers following a triathlon in elite and non-elite triathletes. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology: Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology. 2014;18(5):419.
15. Banez MJ, Geluz MI, Chandra A, Hamdan T, Biswas OS, Bryan NS, et al. A systemic review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol, curcumin, and dietary nitric oxide supplementation on human cardiovascular health. Nutrition Research. 2020;78:11-26.
16. Braun H, Koehler K, Geyer H, Kleinert J, Mester J, Schänzer W. Dietary supplement use among elite young German athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2009;19(1):97-109.
17. Zhu C, Yan H, Zheng Y, Santos HO, Macit MS, Zhao K. Impact of cinnamon supplementation on cardiometabolic biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2020;53:102517.
18. Jagim AR, Harty PS, Erickson JL, Tinsley GM, Garner D, Galpin AJ. Prevalence of adulteration in dietary supplements and recommendations for safe supplement practices in sport. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2023;5:1239121.
19. Colletti A, Li S, Marengo M, Adinolfi S, Cravotto G. Recent advances and insights into bromelain processing, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic uses. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(18):8428.
20. Ammar A, Riemann BL, Abdelkarim O, Driss T, Hökelmann A. Effect of 2-vs. 3-minute interrepetition rest period on maximal clean technique and performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2020;34(9):2548-56.
21. Mairbäurl H. Red blood cells in sports: effects of exercise and training on oxygen supply by red blood cells. Frontiers in physiology. 2013;4:332.
22. Lambert CP, Flynn MG, Braun WA, Mylona E. Influence of acute submaximal exercise on T-lymphocyte suppressor cell function in healthy young men. European journal of applied physiology. 2000;82:151-4.
23. Belviranli M, Okudan N, Kabak B. The effects of acute high-intensity interval training on hematological parameters in sedentary subjects. Medical Sciences. 2017;5(3):15.
24. Ramos-Campo DJ, Ávila-Gandía V, Alacid F, Soto-Méndez F, Alcaraz PE, López-Román FJ, et al. Muscle damage, physiological changes, and energy balance in ultra-endurance mountain-event athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2016;41(8):872-8.
25. Natale VM, Brenner IK, Moldoveanu AI, Vasiliou P, Shek P, Shephard RJ. Effects of three different types of exercise on blood leukocyte count during and following exercise. Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 2003;121:09-14.
26. Atan T, Alacam H. The effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood parameters. The Anthropologist. 2015;19(1):87-93.