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        1 - The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise with olive extract on VO2 max, PTEN, and AKT in rats with Parkinson's disease
        Seyedeh Soheila Bolhagh Ramin Shabani Donya Sajedi
        Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training with the consumption of olive extract on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome More
        Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training with the consumption of olive extract on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and protein kinase B (AKT) in rats with Parkinson.Material & Methods:The samples of this experimental study included male Wistar rats (n = 30, 8 weeks old, 200 ± 50 g). Animals were randomly divided into six groups: control (C), Parkinson's (P), Parkinson's with olive extract (P+OE), Parkinson's with exercise (P+E), Parkinson's with olive extract and exercise (P+OE+E), and olive extract with exercise (OE+E) group (n = 5 per group). The training groups performed aerobic and resistance exercises for eight weeks (5 sessions per week) and were given olive extract by gavage. VO2 max was assessed at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks of exercise. One day after the intervention, rats were sacrificed, and tissues were removed and examined for real-time PCR. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data.Results:The results showed that a period of exercise training combined with the consumption of olive extract significantly increased the VO2 max in rats with Parkinson's disease (P < 0.05). The expression of the PTEN gene decreased in OE+E, P+OE+E, and P+E groups compared to P+OE and Parkinson's groups (P<0.05). AKT gene expression in all intervention groups significantly increased compared to the Parkinson's group (P<0.05).Conclusions:The results suggest that a period of exercise with the consumption of olive extract probably can increase the VO2 max and AKT and decrease PTEN in rats with Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Comparison of small-sided games and sprint training program on the testosterone, cortisol, blood cell count, and physical fitness indices in teenage soccer players
        Mona Sebghati Shiraz Ramin Shabani Mojtaba Mohammadi
        Introduction: The purpose of this study was to comparison of SSG and sprint on testosterone, cortisol, blood cell count, and physical fitness indices in teenage soccer players. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-six teenage athletes (13.55±0.53) wer More
        Introduction: The purpose of this study was to comparison of SSG and sprint on testosterone, cortisol, blood cell count, and physical fitness indices in teenage soccer players. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-six teenage athletes (13.55±0.53) were randomly divided into control, SSG, and sprint groups. The subjects in the sprint group underwent 45-minutes short bursts of sprinting. The SSG group exercise program 45-minutes consisted of 8×3 minutes with 3 minutes of active recovery between sets was performed on a small Football pitch without a goalkeeper. In contrast, the control group continued their usual routine activities for 4 weeks (3days/week). Basal levels of K-TEST, RSA, and YO-Y0 tests, as well as blood indices of testosterone and cortisol and blood cells, were measured before commencement and after 4 weeks of training. Results: The results indicate that sprint training led to a significant increase in testosterone, T/C ratio, RBC, and WBC compared to the control group and significantly decrease in cortisol and agility performance. SSG also caused a significant increase in testosterone, testosterone to cortisol ratio, RBC, WBC, SII, and aerobic performance, with a significant decrease in cortisol and agility performance. Additionally, in the control group, cortisol showed a significant increase, and the testosterone to cortisol ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study revealed that both sprint and SSG training individually can have desirable effects on testosterone, cortisol, T/C ratio, WBC, and RBC and agility test. Sprint and SSG were found to be effective for these factors. The SSG training program increases WBC, SII and aerobic performance. Manuscript profile