Investigation of Long Time Magnetic Nano-particles Stabilization in Aqueous Medium by Different Surfactants

Subject Areas : Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures

Hasan Zibaeenejad ¹ , Abdorreza Asrar ²

1 - Faculty of Naval Aviation, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
2 - Malek Ashtar University of Technology

Received: 2022-05-05 Accepted : 2022-06-14 Published : 2022-10-01

Keywords: Viscosity, stability, surfactant, Ferro-fluid, Iron oxide nano-particles,

Abstract :

In this study, an experimental investigation on the synthesis method of a ferro-fluid was conducted in order to obtain a highly stable ferro-fluid. For this purpose, various surfactants are applied for colloidal stabilization among which tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) showed the best performance. Several methods of characterization were chosen to characterize synthesized ferro-fluids such as Zeta potential and the particle size analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Based on the DLS results, the average diameter of Fe3O4 nano-particles was about 30 nm. Besides, the Zeta potential analysis was applied to investigate the stability of synthesized ferro-fluids. Moreover, the dynamic viscosity of the ferro-fluid is estimated at four different temperatures (20 oC, 35 oC, 50 oC, 65 oC). Based on the results, the ferro-fluid viscosity is decreased significantly by the temperature increase. Further, it is obvious that the viscosity of the ferro-fluid is decreased exponentially in terms of shear rate which determines its shear thinning (non-Newtonian) behavior.

References:

[1] S. Z. Hosseini Minabi, A. Keshavarz, A. Gharaati, The effect of temperature
on optical absorption cross section of  bimetallic core-shell nano particles,
Journal of Optoelectronical Nano  Structures, 1(3)  (2016, Aut.) 67-76.
[Online]. Available: http://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_2203.html 
[2]  T. Razegh, V. Setoodeh, S. Pilban Jahromi,  Influence of particle size on 
Magnetic behavior of nickel oxide nanoparticles, Journal of 
Optoelectronical Nano Structures, 2(2) (2017, Spring) 11-18.  [Online].
Available: http://journals.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_2420.html 
[3] M.  Amoohadi, M. Mozaffari,  A. Gharaati, M, Rezazadeh,  A comparative 
study of insulators on magnetic propertiesof sendustst based nanocomposite
powder cores, Journal of Optoelectronical Nano Structures, 3(4) (2018, Aut.)
1-14. [Online]. Available: http://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3249.html 
[4]  Kh. Hemmati Kahradeh,  E. Saievar Iranizad, A. Bayat,  Investigation of 
hydrothermal process time on the size of carbon micro-  and nano-spheres,
Journal of Optoelectronical Nano Structures,  2(2) (2019,  Spring)  52-60.
[Online]. Available: http://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_2424.html 
[5] Gh. Ramezani,  B Honarvar,  M. Emadi,  Thermodynamic study of (pb2+) 
removal by adsorption onto modified magnetic Graphene Oxide with 
Chitosan and Cysteine, Journal of Optoelectronical Nano Structures,  4(3)
(2019,summer) 74-94. 
 [Online]. Available: http://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3621.html 
[6]  Low viscosity magnetic fluid obtained  by the colloidal suspension of 
magnetic particles, by S. Papell. (1965, Nov.2) Patent US3215572A 
[Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/US3215572 
[7] S. U. S. Choi and J. A. Eastman. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids 
with  nano-particles,  Presented  in  ASME International Mechanical
Engineering Congress & Exposition,  (1995,Oct.)  [Online].  Available:
https://ecotert.com/pdf/196525_From_unt-edu.pdf 

[8]   E. C. Okonkwo,  I. W. Osho,  I. W. Almanassra, Y. M. Abdullatif & T. Al-
Ansari.  An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices. 
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 145(2020, June) 2817–2872. 
 [Online]. Available: 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431122003040 
 [9]  M.  Koleab,  S.  Khandekara,  Engineering applications of ferrofluids: A 
review.  Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,  537(2021, 
Nov.)168222. [Online]. Available: 
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304885321004984 
[10] Sh. Fotowat, S. Askar and M. I. AmirFartaj. A study on corrosion effects of 
a water based nanofluid for enhanced thermal energy applications. 
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessment, 24 (2017,Dec.) 39-44. 
[Online]. Available: 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304885321004984 
[11]  R.Bubbico,  G.P. Celata,  F. D’Annibale,  B. Mazzarotta  and  C. Menale. 
Experimental analysis of corrosion and erosion phenomena on metal 
surfaces by  nanofluids.  Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 104 
(2015, Dec.) 605-614. [Online]. Available: 
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263876215003780 
[12]  K.Kouloulias,  A.SergisY and  Hardalupas,  Sedimentation in nanofluids 
during a natural convection experiment.  International Journal of Heat and 
Mass Transfer, 101 (2016,Oct.)1193-1203. [Online]. Available: 
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931016305324 
[13]  J. S. Akhatov,  E.T. Juraev,  T. I. Juraev and  V. N. Avdievich,  Study of 
Sedimentation Process in Nanofluids with Various Concentrations of 
SiO2 and Al2O3 Nano-particles. Applied Solar Energy, 54  (2018) 428-432. 
[Online]. Available: 
 https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0003701X18060026 
[14]  R. E. Rosenweig.  Buoyancy and stable levitation of a magnetic body 
immersed in a magnetizable fluid, Nature, 210(5036)  (1966)  613–614. 
[Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/210613a0 
[15] Y. Li,  J. Zhou, S. Tung, E. Schneider, S. Xi. A review on development of 
nanofluid preparation and characterization, Powder Technology, 196(2) 
(2009, Dec.) 89-101. [Online]. Available:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032591009004483 
 [16] A. Riazi,  U. Türker, The drag coefficient and settling  velocity of natural 
sediment particles, Computational Particle Mechanics, 6(3) (2019,Jan.) 427-
437.  [Online]. Available:  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40571-
019-00223-6 
[17] S. Sun, H. Zeng. Size-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite Nano-particles. J. 
Am. Chem. Soc.  124  (28)  (2002,  JUNE.)  8204-8205.  [Online]. Available: 
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja026501x 
[18]  W.  Yu,  H.  Xie,  A Review on nano-fluids: Preparation, Stability 
Mechanisms and Applications, J. Nanomaterials,  (2012, Jan.)1687-1704. 
[Online]. Available:  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-
03427-1 
[19] A. Ghadimi, R. Saidur, H.S.C. Metselaa,   A review of nano-fluid stability 
properties and characterization in stationary conditions, Int.  J. Heat and 
Mass Transfer, 54(17-18)  (2011, Aug.)  4051-4068.  [Online]. Available:  
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931011002304 
 [20]    J. Garcia-Otero, A. J. Garcia-Bastida, and J. Rivas.  Influence of 
temperature on the coercive field of non-interacting fine magnetic particles. 
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 189(3) (1998, Nov.)  377-383.  [Online]. Available: 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304885398002431 
 [21] T. Albrecht, C. Bührer, M. Fähnle, K. Maier, D. Platzek,  J. Reske, First 
observation of ferromagnetism and ferromagnetic domains in a liquid metal. 
Applied Physics A.  65(2)  (1997, Aug.)  215-220.  [Online]. Available: 
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003390050569 
[22]  S.  Neveu,  A.  Bee,  M.  Robineau,  D.  Talbot,  Size-Selective Chemical 
Synthesis of  Tartrate Stabilized Cobalt Ferrite Ionic Magnetic Fluid.  J. 
Colloid  &  Inter.  Sci.,  (2002, Nov.)  255-293.  [Online]. Available: 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021979702986790 
[23] A. Ali, T. Shah, R. Ullah, P. Zhou, M. Guo, M. Ovais, Zh. Tan, Y. Rui, 
Review on Recent Progress in Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, 
Characterization, and Diverse Applications, Frontiers in Chemistry, 9 (2021, 
July) 1-25. [Online]. Available: 
 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.629054/full 
 [24]  J. H. Lee, K.S. Hwang, S.P. Jang, B.H. Lee, J.H. Kim, S.U.S. Choi and 
C.J. Choi,  Effective viscosities and thermal conductivities of aqueous nanofluids containing low volume concentrations of Al2O3  nano-particles, 
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer,  51 (11–12) (2008)  2651–2656.  [Online]. 
Available: 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931007006680 
[25]  L. Vandsburger,  Synthesis and  covalent  surface  modification of  carbon 
nanotubes for  preparation of  stabilized  nanofluid  suspensions,  Thesis, 
McGill University, Canada  (2009, Apr.)  [Online]. Available: 
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/q811km27k 
[26] E. K. Nepomnyashchaya, A. V. Prokofiev, E. N. Velichko, I. V. Pleshakov, 
Y. I. Kuzmin,  Investigation of magneto-optical properties of ferrofluids by 
laser light scattering techniques,  Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic 
Materials, 431(2017, Jun.) 24-26. [Online]. Available: 
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304885316324398 
[27] C. V. Yerin, Particles size distribution in diluted magnetic fluids, Journal of 
Magnetism  and Magnetic Materials 431 (2017, Sep.) 27–29.  [Online]. 
Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.09.122 .