طراحی بسته آموزشی اخلاق شهروندی و بررسی اثربخشی آن بر بهبود نوع‌دوستی و رفتار اجتماعی مطلوب در نوجوانان

محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی تربیتی

سمانه خالقی ¹ , عذرا غفاری ² , تورج هاشمی ³ , منصور بیرامی ⁴ , سمیه تکلوی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - استادیار روانشناسی، واحد اردبیل، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.
3 - استاددانشکده روانشناسی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
4 - استاد دانشکدهروانشناسیدانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
5 - استادیار ،گروه روانشناسی ، واحد اردبیل ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/11/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/03/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/06/01

کلید واژه: تعهد, مسئولیت‌پذیری, نوع‌دوستی, اخلاق شهروندی, حل مسأله اجتماعی,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه آموزش به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین ارکان زندگی از اهمیتی مضاعف برخوردار است و همه ارکان علمی در راستای بهبود و اثر‌بخشی آن تلاش‌های بسیاری را صورت داده‌اند. در همین راستا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بررسی رابطه جو خانواده و سرمایه روان‌شناختی با اشتیاق تحصیلی با میانجی‌گری نقش ذهن‌آگاهی انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه اول شهر کرمانشاه در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 بود. به این منظور تعداد 707 نفر از دانش‌آموزان با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند و پرسش‌نامه‌های جوخانواده هیل‌برن، سرمایه روان‌شناختی لوتاز و همکاران، ذهن‌آگاهی براون و ریان) و اشتیاق تحصیلی فدریکز و همکاران، را به صورت الکترونیکی تکمیل کردند. پس از گردآوری داده‌ها، مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری برای آزمون مدل پیشنهادی و فرضیه‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مدل ارائه شده از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است و جوّخانواده و سرمایه روان‌شناختی با اشتیاق تحصیلی رابطه معنی‌دار (001/0) و مثبت دارد. همچنین جو خانواده و سرمایه‌ روان‌شناختی از طریق ذهن‌آگاهی بر اشتیاق‌ تحصیلی اثرگذار است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد با توجه داشتن به متغیرهای جوّخانواده، سرمایه روان‌شناختی و ذهن‌آگاهی، می‌توان افزایش اشتیاق‌ تحصیلی در دانش‌آموزان را انتظار داشت. با توجه به اینکه ذهن‌آگاهی می‌تواند محصول نهایی جو خانواده و سرمایه روان‌شناختی باشد، آگاهی والدین از این مهم، سمت و سوی این متغیرها به اهمیت تحصیل و اشتیاق تحصیلی را تقویت می‌کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Nowadays, citizenship ethics is one of the necessities of life, and its realization in the individual and social life improves interpersonal relations. The present study aimed to design and to determine the effectiveness of citizenship ethics education in the improvement of altruism and prosocial behaviors in high school girl students. The study design was semi-experimental between groups. The study population was high school girl students in Ardebil city in the academic year 2021-2022. Using multistage cluster sampling method, 60 subjects were selected and were divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group received citizenship ethics training for 15 sessions; however, the control group received no intervention. They were assessed by Social Problem Solving Questionnaire (Di Zorilla) and Social Behavior Questionnaire (California). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that citizenship ethics training was effective in improving responsibility, commitment, and altruism (p.05). Hence, it can be concluded that citizenship ethics is a prerequisite for adapting to social change and sets the stage for prosocial behaviors so that individuals with citizenship ethics can improve social relationships and ensure psychological health.

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Castel, R. (2000). The roads to disaffiliation: insecure work and vulnerable relationships. International journal of urban and regional research, 24(3): 519-535.

Castel, A. D., Balota, D. A., & McCabe, D. P. (2009). Memory efficiency and the strategic control of attention at encoding: Impairments of value-directed remembering in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 23(3): 297.

De Ruyter, D., & Schinkel, A. (2017). Ethics education at the University: From teaching an Ethics module to education for the good life. Bordon, Revista de Pedagogia, 69(4): 125-138.

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Felner, R. D., Lease, A. M., & Phillips, R. S. (1990). Social competence and the language of adequacy as a subject matter for psychology: A quadripartite tri-level framework. The development of social competence in adolescence, 245-264.

Freakley, S. J., Edwards, J. K., Carley, A. F., Kiely, C. J., & Hutchings, G. J. (2014). Strategies for designing supported gold–palladium bimetallic catalysts for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Accounts of chemical research, 47(3): 845-854.

Goff, S. P. (2004). Retrovirus restriction factors. Molecular cell, 16(6): 849-859.

Held, N. L., & Whitaker, R. J. (2009). Viral biogeography revealed by signatures in Sulfolobus islandicus genomes. Environmental microbiology, 11(2): 457-466.

Hiegens, T. R., Parton, R. G., & Hancock, J. F. (2020). Citizenship Education, London, Oxford University Press on Demand.

Hoff, K. A., Briley, D. A., Wee, C. J., & Rounds, J. (2018). Normative changes in interests from adolescence to adulthood: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological bulletin, 144(4): 426.

Khajovi, F., & Khataei, S. (2015), Study of teaching citizenship ethics to students and its compliance with subway cultural advertisements studied in the third grade social studies book, Second international conference on future research, management and economic development. [In Persian].

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Mahdavi, M. S., & Joshaghani, Z. A. (2016). A sociological look at the social factors affecting the citizenship ethics of the youth of Kashan city, Urban Sociological Studies Quarterly, 3(8): 15-36. [In Persian].

Mc Millan, T. Y. (2019). Citizenship training and altruistic behaviors, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 121-136.

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 Nikzad, A., Godini, A.A., Jahani, S., & Raushi, A. (2015). Comparing feelings of loneliness and mental health in adolescents addicted to the Internet and normal adolescents, Culture-Communication Studies, 13(50): 55-72. [In Persian].

Pattrick, R. A. D., Boyce, A., & MacIntyre, R. M. (1988). Gold-silver vein mineralization at Tyndrum, Scotland. Mineralogy and Petrology, 38(1): 61-76.

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Prior, I. A., Harding, A., Yan, J., Sluimer, J., Parton, R. G., & Hancock, J. F. (2001). GTP-dependent segregation of H-ras from lipid rafts is required for biological activity. Nature cell biology, 3(4): 368-375.

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Quigley, M., Pereyra, F., Nilsson, B., Porichis, F., Fonseca, C., Eichbaum, Q., & Russell, K. (2010). Transcriptional analysis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells shows that PD-1 inhibits T cell function by upregulating BATF. Nature medicine, 16(10): 1147-1151.

Robinson, G. A. (2022). Citizenship training and social development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 221-237.

Scott, B. G., Pina, A. A., & Parker, J. H. (2017). Reluctance to express emotion explains relation between cognitive distortions and social competence in anxious children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3, 131-149.

S-emrud-Clikeman, M. S. (2007). The effect of assertiveness training on self-efficacy among Iranian high school female students. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(1): 123-127.

Soysal, S., & Soysal, M. E. (2005). The efficacy of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in selected cases of myoma-related menorrhagia: a prospective controlled trial. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 59(1): 29-35.

Tahmasabizadeh, R., Golestani, S., & Esmaili, R. (2014). The relationship between cultural factors affecting citizenship ethics in Shahin Shahr city, Akhlaq, 6(21): 241-264. [In Persian].

Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Chen, L., Ji, L., & Deater‐Deckard, K. (2018). Developmental changes in longitudinal associations between academic achievement and psychopathological symptoms from late childhood to middle adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 221-237.

Abbaspour, R. (2016). Investigating the effect of collaborative learning on the social competence of male and female secondary school students in Bonab city, Master's thesis, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. [In Persian].

Ahmad, I. (2018). Political Science and the Good Citizen: The Genealogy of Traditionalist Paradigm of Citizenship Education in the American School Curriculum. JSSE-Journal of Social Science Education, 16(4): 38-48.

Anderjaska, M., Aroniadou, V., Post, R. M., & Li, H. (2002). Lamotrigine reduces spontaneous and evoked GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the basolateral amygdala: implications for its effects in seizure and affective disorders: lamotrigine and inhibition in the amygdala. Neuropharmacology, 42(4): 522-529.

Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (Eds.). (2001). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era. Oxford University Press on Demand.

Banks, J. A. (2014). Diversity, group identity, and citizenship education in a global age. Journal of Education, 194(3), 1-12.

Bergman, K, T. (2020). Moral development in educational settings, Psychological bulletin, 172(4): 443-459.

Brady, J. (2018). Multicultural literature promoting good character and enhancing moral citizenship for kindergarteners (Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Northridge).

Butts, T. H., Burris, S. H., Clark, S. J., Armstrong, E. P., Kuhn, D. B., Ratliff, S. M., & Toye, G. E. (1998). U.S. Patent No. 5,754,830. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Castel, R. (2000). The roads to disaffiliation: insecure work and vulnerable relationships. International journal of urban and regional research, 24(3): 519-535.

Castel, A. D., Balota, D. A., & McCabe, D. P. (2009). Memory efficiency and the strategic control of attention at encoding: Impairments of value-directed remembering in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 23(3): 297.

De Ruyter, D., & Schinkel, A. (2017). Ethics education at the University: From teaching an Ethics module to education for the good life. Bordon, Revista de Pedagogia, 69(4): 125-138.

Edwards, S. H. (2021). Ethics education and psychosocial behavior, JSSE-Journal of Social Science Education, 29(4): 138-148.

Falx, T. (2006). Citizenship, translated by Mohammad Taghi Delfrooz,Tehran, Kavir Publications. [In Persian].

Farmahini, F. M. (2002). Citizen Education, first edition, Aizh Publishing ouse. [In Persian].

 Farmahini, F. M. (2012). Citizenship ethics: an interdisciplinary category, Ethics and Culture Quarterly, 1(1): 9-22. [In Persian].

Felner, R. D., Lease, A. M., & Phillips, R. S. (1990). Social competence and the language of adequacy as a subject matter for psychology: A quadripartite tri-level framework. The development of social competence in adolescence, 245-264.

Freakley, S. J., Edwards, J. K., Carley, A. F., Kiely, C. J., & Hutchings, G. J. (2014). Strategies for designing supported gold–palladium bimetallic catalysts for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Accounts of chemical research, 47(3): 845-854.

Goff, S. P. (2004). Retrovirus restriction factors. Molecular cell, 16(6): 849-859.

Held, N. L., & Whitaker, R. J. (2009). Viral biogeography revealed by signatures in Sulfolobus islandicus genomes. Environmental microbiology, 11(2): 457-466.

Hiegens, T. R., Parton, R. G., & Hancock, J. F. (2020). Citizenship Education, London, Oxford University Press on Demand.

Hoff, K. A., Briley, D. A., Wee, C. J., & Rounds, J. (2018). Normative changes in interests from adolescence to adulthood: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological bulletin, 144(4): 426.

Khajovi, F., & Khataei, S. (2015), Study of teaching citizenship ethics to students and its compliance with subway cultural advertisements studied in the third grade social studies book, Second international conference on future research, management and economic development. [In Persian].

Kruk, E. (Ed.). (1997). Mediation and conflict resolution in social work and the human services. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers.

Lister, R. (1997). Citizenship: Towards a feminist synthesis. Feminist review, 57(1): 28-48.

Mahdavi, M. S., & Joshaghani, Z. A. (2016). A sociological look at the social factors affecting the citizenship ethics of the youth of Kashan city, Urban Sociological Studies Quarterly, 3(8): 15-36. [In Persian].

Mc Millan, T. Y. (2019). Citizenship training and altruistic behaviors, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 121-136.

Mc Pherson, B. (2010). Development and application of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage for improving the environmental impact of advanced power plants. In Advanced power plant materials, design and technology, Wood head Publishing.

Mei, H., lir, D. (2019). Measurement indicators and an evaluation approach for assessing urban sustainable development: A case study for China’s Jining City, Landscape and Urban Planning, 90(3): 134-142.

Moekotte, P., Brand-Gruwel, S., & Ritzen, H. (2018). Do levels of social competence influence the perception of social affordances among students with low levels of education? An exploratory case study of the relationship between offline and online socializing factors. Journal of Education, 3, 129-137.

Motamedi, S., & Haj Babaei, H., Biglerian, A., & Falah Seluklai, M. (2012). The effect of problem solving skills training on increasing the social competence of adolescent girls, Psychology Quarterly, 5(14): 17-29. [In Persian].

 Nikzad, A., Godini, A.A., Jahani, S., & Raushi, A. (2015). Comparing feelings of loneliness and mental health in adolescents addicted to the Internet and normal adolescents, Culture-Communication Studies, 13(50): 55-72. [In Persian].

Pattrick, R. A. D., Boyce, A., & MacIntyre, R. M. (1988). Gold-silver vein mineralization at Tyndrum, Scotland. Mineralogy and Petrology, 38(1): 61-76.

Pratte, D. (1998). Road to ruin: Road traffic accidents in the developing world. Nexus, 13, 46-62.

Prior, I. A., Harding, A., Yan, J., Sluimer, J., Parton, R. G., & Hancock, J. F. (2001). GTP-dependent segregation of H-ras from lipid rafts is required for biological activity. Nature cell biology, 3(4): 368-375.

Porta, A., Voth, G. A., Crawford, A. M., Alexander, J., & Bodenschatz, E. (2001). Fluid particle accelerations in fully developed turbulence. Nature, 409(6823): 1017-1019.

Quigley, M., McKinnon, S. J., Zack, D. J., Pease, M. E., Kerrigan–Baumrind, L. A., Kerrigan, D. F., & Mitchell, R. S. (2000). Retrograde axonal transport of BDNF in retinal ganglion cells is blocked by acute IOP elevation in rats. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 41(11): 3460-3466.

Quigley, M., Pereyra, F., Nilsson, B., Porichis, F., Fonseca, C., Eichbaum, Q., & Russell, K. (2010). Transcriptional analysis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells shows that PD-1 inhibits T cell function by upregulating BATF. Nature medicine, 16(10): 1147-1151.

Robinson, G. A. (2022). Citizenship training and social development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 221-237.

Scott, B. G., Pina, A. A., & Parker, J. H. (2017). Reluctance to express emotion explains relation between cognitive distortions and social competence in anxious children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3, 131-149.

S-emrud-Clikeman, M. S. (2007). The effect of assertiveness training on self-efficacy among Iranian high school female students. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(1): 123-127.

Soysal, S., & Soysal, M. E. (2005). The efficacy of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in selected cases of myoma-related menorrhagia: a prospective controlled trial. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 59(1): 29-35.

Tahmasabizadeh, R., Golestani, S., & Esmaili, R. (2014). The relationship between cultural factors affecting citizenship ethics in Shahin Shahr city, Akhlaq, 6(21): 241-264. [In Persian].

Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Chen, L., Ji, L., & Deater‐Deckard, K. (2018). Developmental changes in longitudinal associations between academic achievement and psychopathological symptoms from late childhood to middle adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 221-237.