بررسی میزان روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان رشته مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان
محورهای موضوعی : -مدارک پزشکیرضا مرادی 1 , فهیمه ربانی خواه 2 , کیومرث چلونگر 3 , هیوا میرزایی 4 , مریم شیروانی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری سیاست‌گذاری سلامت، گروه علوم مدیریت و اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران،
2 - کارشناس‌ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، معاون اداره کل منابع انسانی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد فناوری اطلاعات سلامت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان
4 - دانشجوی کارشناسی مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
5 - دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد سلامت، گروه مدیریت و اقتصاد بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: حیطه‌های کارآفرینی, روحیه کارآفرینی, دانشجویان علوم پزشکی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: در حال حاضر با توجه به بحران عظیم بیکاری که فارغ‌التحصیلان دانشگاهی با آن روبرو هستند، ایجاد سیاست‌هایی در جهت اشتغال‌زایی و توسعه کارآفرینی از جمله رسالت‌های اصلی نظام آموزش عالی کشور می‌باشد. از طرفی شرط لازم برای توسعه کارآفرینی، برخورداری دانشجویان از روحیه کارآفرینی است. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی وضعیت روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان انجام گردید. روش پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر از نوع مطالعات توصیفی مقطعی است که در آن 78 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی و کارشناسی‌ارشد رشته مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان در سال 1394 به صورت سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزارجمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه‌ای روا و پایا شامل 50 سوال مربوط به سنجش روحیه کارآفرینی با مقیاس لیکرت 5 درجه‌ای بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون t تک نمونه‌ای،t مستقل، انالیز واریانس) انجام گرفت. یافته‌‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که میانگین نمره روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان بالاتر از حد متوسط (3) است (0/42±0/70). هم‌چنین میانگین و انحراف معیار نمرات در حیطه‌های ریسک‌پذیری، استقلال‌طلبی، کنترل درونی، توفیق‌طلبی و خلاقیت به ترتیب 0/59±3/35، 0/60±3/76، 0/56±3/75، 0/47±4/02، 0/54±3/62 بود. میانگین نمره کارآفرینی برحسب جنسیت، وضعیت تاهل و وضعیت اقتصادی اختلاف آماری معنادار داشت درحالیکه میانگین نمره کارآفرینی و تمام حیطه‌های آن برحسب مقطع و ترم تحصیلی تفاوت آماری معناداری نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: میانگین بالاتر از حد متوسط روحیه کارآفرینی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان می‌تواند اجرا و پیشبرد برنامه‌های مربوط به توسعه و آموزش‌های کارآفرینی را میسر سازد.
Introduction:Nowadays due to unemployment crisis that college graduated students are dealt with, developing policies for job creation and entrepreneurship promotion is of the main mission of the country higher education system. On the other hand, student's entrepreneurship spirit is the essential criterion for its development. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the degree of entrepreneurship spirit among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 78 Bachelor's and Master's students in Health Care Management of Isfahan University of medical Sciences on 2015 were selected through census. Data gathering was done through a questionnaire with 50 item using 5 point Liker scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, t-test and ANOVA. Results:The findings indicated that mean of entrepreneurship spirit for all the students (3/70± 0/42) was above theoretical average (3). Also the mean scores for its subscales were as follow: “risk-taking” (3/35 ± 0/59) “autonomy” (3/76 ±0/60) “internal control” (3/75 ± 0/56) “regard to achievement” (4/02 ± 0/47) “creativity” (3/62 ± 0/54). The mean of entrepreneurship score by gender, marital status and economic status had a statistically significant difference. While the average score of all fields of entrepreneurship in schools and educational terms were not significantly different. Conclusion: The above average level of entrepreneurship spirit in Health Care Management students of Isfahan university of medical Sciences can provide Implementing and progressing the programs related to development and education of entrepreneurship.
1- All Y, Carles w. Explaining entrepreneurid intentions in the caribbean. Journal of Small Business Management, 2009; 3(34): 24-49.
2- van Dam K, Schipper M, Runhaar P. Developing a competency-based framework for teachers’ entrepreneurial behaviour. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010; 26(4): 965-71.
3- Gürol Y, Atsan N. Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education+ Training, 2006; 48(1): 25-38.
4- Thurik R, Wennekers S. Entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 2004; 11(1): 140-9.
5- Van Stel A, Carree M, Thurik R. The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small business economics, 2005; 24(3): 311-21.
6- Siadat SA, Rezazade SS. Entrepreneurship morale among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 2012; 12(7): 527-36.
7- Sherman PS. The impact of realistic entrepreneurship previews on entrepreneurial biases, risk perception and opportunity evaluation; 2004.
8- Borkowski N, Gordon J. Entrepreneurial organizations: The driving force for improving quality in the healthcare industry. Journal of health and human services administration; 2006: 531-49.
9- Grazier KL, Metzler B. Health care entrepreneurship: Financing innovation. Journal of health and human services administration; 2006: 485-503.
10- Weeks W, Weinberger S. Evolution in health care business. Journal of Health Care Finance, 2004; 31(2): 53-61.
11- Marnani Barati A, Tourani S, Gohari M, Zahiri M. Amoozeshe karafarini dar daneshgahhaye oloom pezeshki: rahkari baraye parvareshe karafarinane nazame salamat. Homa-ye-salamat Journal, 2009; 5(4): 6-10.
12- mardanshahi mm, dolati E. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 2015; 15(0): 380-90.
13- Rabieyan M, Darrudi A, Bahman N, Ahmadi A, Bashari N. Study Of Entrepreneurship Spirit Of Students In School Of Allied Medicine Of Tehran University Of Medical Sciences. Payavard Salamat, 2015; 9(2): 203-13.
14- Jahani N, Alaghmand A, Mirjood SH. Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Attributes in Dental Students at Babol Medical University. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 2013; 13(5): 413-20.
15- Shoja-ghale-dokhtar L, Rahimean H, Jarahi L. Evaluation of entrepreneurship capabilities in students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences: 2003-2004. The Journal of Medical Education and Development, 2014; 9(3): 2-9.
16- Fard ZHM, Rezvanfar A, Mohammadi H, Shams A. Assessment of entrepreneurship mentality of agricultural high school students in Zanjan province. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 2012; 7(2): 105-15.
17- Phillips FS, Garman AN. Barriers to entrepreneurship in healthcare organizations. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration; 2006: 472-84.
18- zali mr, madhoshi m, Kordnaeij A. Evaluation of students' entrepreneurial characteristics (Case study: Mazandaran University). Human Sciences MODARES, 2008; 11(55): 81-113.
19- Guo KL. Entrepreneurship management in health services: an integrative model. Journal of health and human services administration; 2006: 504-30.
20- Zhao H, Seibert SE, Hills GE. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 2005; 90(6): 1265.
21- Wang CK, Wong P-K. Entrepreneurial interest of university students in Singapore. Technovation, 2004; 24(2): 163-72.
22- Karhunen P, Ledyaeva S. Determinants of entrepreneurial interest and risk tolerance among Russian university students: Empirical study. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 2010; 18(03): 229-63.
23- Qavami H. The Survey of Effective Factors on Entrepreneurship Comparing with Wage and Salary Educated employees (Case Study: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad); 2008.
24- Hosseini m, Azizi b. The survey of effective factors in developing of Spirit and entrepreneurial skills among final year students in faculty of Agriculture of the Tehran University. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 2008; 38-2(2): 241-51.
25- Sharifi z, Soorani f, Ahmadvand m. Investigating the Level of Entrepreneurship Morale of Agricultural Students in Yasouj University, 2014; 1(1): 25-39.
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1- All Y, Carles w. Explaining entrepreneurid intentions in the caribbean. Journal of Small Business Management, 2009; 3(34): 24-49.
2- van Dam K, Schipper M, Runhaar P. Developing a competency-based framework for teachers’ entrepreneurial behaviour. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010; 26(4): 965-71.
3- Gürol Y, Atsan N. Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education+ Training, 2006; 48(1): 25-38.
4- Thurik R, Wennekers S. Entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 2004; 11(1): 140-9.
5- Van Stel A, Carree M, Thurik R. The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small business economics, 2005; 24(3): 311-21.
6- Siadat SA, Rezazade SS. Entrepreneurship morale among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 2012; 12(7): 527-36.
7- Sherman PS. The impact of realistic entrepreneurship previews on entrepreneurial biases, risk perception and opportunity evaluation; 2004.
8- Borkowski N, Gordon J. Entrepreneurial organizations: The driving force for improving quality in the healthcare industry. Journal of health and human services administration; 2006: 531-49.
9- Grazier KL, Metzler B. Health care entrepreneurship: Financing innovation. Journal of health and human services administration; 2006: 485-503.
10- Weeks W, Weinberger S. Evolution in health care business. Journal of Health Care Finance, 2004; 31(2): 53-61.
11- Marnani Barati A, Tourani S, Gohari M, Zahiri M. Amoozeshe karafarini dar daneshgahhaye oloom pezeshki: rahkari baraye parvareshe karafarinane nazame salamat. Homa-ye-salamat Journal, 2009; 5(4): 6-10.
12- mardanshahi mm, dolati E. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 2015; 15(0): 380-90.
13- Rabieyan M, Darrudi A, Bahman N, Ahmadi A, Bashari N. Study Of Entrepreneurship Spirit Of Students In School Of Allied Medicine Of Tehran University Of Medical Sciences. Payavard Salamat, 2015; 9(2): 203-13.
14- Jahani N, Alaghmand A, Mirjood SH. Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Attributes in Dental Students at Babol Medical University. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 2013; 13(5): 413-20.
15- Shoja-ghale-dokhtar L, Rahimean H, Jarahi L. Evaluation of entrepreneurship capabilities in students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences: 2003-2004. The Journal of Medical Education and Development, 2014; 9(3): 2-9.
16- Fard ZHM, Rezvanfar A, Mohammadi H, Shams A. Assessment of entrepreneurship mentality of agricultural high school students in Zanjan province. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 2012; 7(2): 105-15.
17- Phillips FS, Garman AN. Barriers to entrepreneurship in healthcare organizations. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration; 2006: 472-84.
18- zali mr, madhoshi m, Kordnaeij A. Evaluation of students' entrepreneurial characteristics (Case study: Mazandaran University). Human Sciences MODARES, 2008; 11(55): 81-113.
19- Guo KL. Entrepreneurship management in health services: an integrative model. Journal of health and human services administration; 2006: 504-30.
20- Zhao H, Seibert SE, Hills GE. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 2005; 90(6): 1265.
21- Wang CK, Wong P-K. Entrepreneurial interest of university students in Singapore. Technovation, 2004; 24(2): 163-72.
22- Karhunen P, Ledyaeva S. Determinants of entrepreneurial interest and risk tolerance among Russian university students: Empirical study. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 2010; 18(03): 229-63.
23- Qavami H. The Survey of Effective Factors on Entrepreneurship Comparing with Wage and Salary Educated employees (Case Study: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad); 2008.
24- Hosseini m, Azizi b. The survey of effective factors in developing of Spirit and entrepreneurial skills among final year students in faculty of Agriculture of the Tehran University. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 2008; 38-2(2): 241-51.
25- Sharifi z, Soorani f, Ahmadvand m. Investigating the Level of Entrepreneurship Morale of Agricultural Students in Yasouj University, 2014; 1(1): 25-39.