بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد ورزشکاران نسبت به مصرف نوشیدنی‌های ورزشی و الکترولیتها در وضعیت هیدراسیون

محورهای موضوعی : تغذیه

محدثه آصفری ¹ , محمد حضوری ² , زهره شیخی زاده ³

1 - 1- دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی بهداشت و ایمنی موادغذایی، دانشکده علوم تغذیه و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
3 - گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/10/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/02/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01

کلید واژه: نوشیدنی ورزشی, ورزش, آگاهی, آب, نگرش, هیدراسیون,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎت از دﺳﺖ‌رﻓﺘﻪ طﯽ ورزش نقشی غیرقابل‌انکار در موفقیت ورزشکاران دارد. این درحالیست که براساس مطالعات، آگاهی و نگرش ورزشکاران نسبت به مصرف مایعات ناکافی ‎است و گاهی این عدم آگاهی منجر به مرگ می‌شود. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی آگاهی و نحوه رفتار ورزشکاران نسبت به نوشیدنی‌های ورزشی انجام شد.مواد و روش‌ها: در یک مطالعه مقطعی، 18 باشگاه ورزشی شهر قم به طور تصادفی انتخاب و 270 پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بین ورزشکاران توزیع شد. پرسشنامه حاوی سوالات مشخصات فردی و نیز شامل 14 سوال آگاهی، 9 سوال نگرش و 7 سوال از عملکرد افراد بود. اعتبار و روایی پرسشنامه توسط متخصصین ارزیابی و آلفای کرونباخ آن تعیین شد(N=24, α=0.83). اطلاعات با آزمون ANOVA مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه 48% افراد تشنگی را بهترین معیار برای نوشیدن آب در حین ورزش می‎دانستند و 63% آنها از اثرات مثبت نوشیدنیهای حاوی قند بر عملکرد ورزشی اطلاع نداشتند. 75% ورزشکاران آب را به سایر نوشیدنی‌ها ترجیح می‌دادند و حدود 70% نیز نگرشی از افزودن کربوهیدرات نداشتند. همچنین سن و تحصیلات هیچ ارتباطی با میزان آگاهی افراد نداشت.نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد افراد باورهای نادرستی نسبت به مصرف مایعات دارند که منجر به پیامدهای خطرناکی از جمله مرگ برای ورزشکاران می‌شود. باتوجه به اینکه آموزش می‍‌تواند منجر به تغییر رفتار شود، بنابراین ایجاد امکانات آموزشی برای ایجاد تغذیه صحیح درخصوص هیدراسیون در فعالیت‌های ورزشی برای مربیان و ورزشکاران ضروری است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: Replacement of fluids excreted during exercise play an important role in in the success of athletes. However, according to the studies, knowledge and attitude about fluid intake are insufficient, and sometimes this lack of awareness leads to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and behavior of athletes about sport drinks.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 18 sports clubs in Qom were randomly selected and 272 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among the athletes. The questionnaire contained demographic questions and also included 14 questions about knowledge, 9 questions about attitude and 7 questions about practice. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined by assessment experts and Cronbach's alpha (N=24, α=0.83). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.Results: In this study, 48% of the people know thirst is the best index for drinking water during exercise and 63% were unaware of the positive effects of sugary drinks on athletic performance. The number of athletes that preferred water to other beverages was 75% and about 70% had no attitude about adding carbohydrates. Also, age and education did not have correlations with level of awareness.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that athletes had incorrect attitude about fluid intake and it has caused dangerous consequences such as death. Therefore, education and training for athletes and their coaches to increase their sport activity with respect to nutritional awareness is essential.

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