شناسایی رهیافت‌های برنامه ریزی شهری در مواجهه با فعالیت‌های صنعتی درون‌شهری و کاربست آن در تجارب کشورهای مختلف
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستفاطمه سادات حسینی نژاد 1 , حسن اکبری 2
1 - دکترای شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.* (مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - استادیار معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
کلید واژه: فعالیت های صنعتی شهری, برنامه ریزی شهری, رهیافت های تثبیت, جابجایی و جذب,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: فعالیت های صنعتی دارای اثرات مثبت و منفی بر سیستم شهری می باشند. این امر موجب گردیده که در سیستم برنامه‌ریزی شهری در کشورهای مختلف، سیاست های متفاوتی در مواجهه با این فعالیت‌ها در مقیاس شهر اعمال گردد. هدف این مقاله شناسایی انواع رهیافت های به کار گرفته شده در مواجهه سیستم برنامه ریزی شهری با فعالیت های صنعتی درون‌شهری و نیز شناخت چگونگی ارتباط میان دو قلمروی گسترده "برنامه ریزی شهری" و "برنامه ریزی فعالیت های صنعتی" در دست‌یابی به توسعه پایدار می باشد. روش بررسی: روش تحقیق در این مقاله روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی بر مبنای مطالعات اسناد موجود در برنامه ریزی فعالیت های صنعتی درون‌شهری در کشورهای مختلف می باشد. یافته ها: بررسی تجارب کشورهای مختلف جهان در زمینه برنامه‌ریزی فعالیت های صنعتی درون شهری، نشان دهنده به‌کارگیری سیاست های متفاوتی در این زمینه است که عمده‌ترین آن شامل سیاست های پیشگیری از آلودگی، تولید پاک‌تر، برزن بندی صنعتی، احیای ساختمان‌های متروک صنعتی(بدون فعالیت) از طریق تبدیل کارکردی و در آخر، احیای محوطه های متروک صنعتی با اقداماتی مانند برزن بندی ویژه و به‌کارگیری سیاست های تشویقی حفظ و جذب فعالیت صنعتی در شهر، ایجاد کاربردهای مختلط برای تنوع و جذابیت محوطه و نیز خوشه سازی فعالیت‌های صنعتی و تاکید بر برنامه‌ریزی یکپارچه است. نتیجه گیری: در این مقاله سه رهیافت اصلی به عنوان زمینه اتخاذ سیاست های مواجهه با فعالیت های صنعتی درون‌شهری شناسایی شده است: رهیافت تثبیت کننده فعالیت صنعتی در محل، رهیافت جابجا کننده فعالیت صنعتی از محل و رهیافت جذب کننده فعالیت صنعتی به‌محل.
Abstract Background and Objective: Industrial activities have positive and negative impacts on urban system. This has led urban planning system in different countries, consider different policies to deal with these activities in urban scale. The purpose of this paper is to identify the approaches in urban planning system, dealing with urban industrial activities and also understanding the relationship between the two vast domains of "urban planning" and "industrial activities planning" in achieving sustainable development. Method: The research method used in this paper is descriptive - analytic method based on the study of the documents of urban industrial planning experiences in different countries. Findings: The experiences of different countries in the field of urban industrial planning, represents the implementation of different policies in this field. The most common policies include pollution prevention, cleaner production, industrial zoning, revitalization of abandoned(inactive) industrial buildings through functional conversion, and finally revitalization of abandoned industrial sites, by using three policies: Special zoning and using incentives to keep and attract industrial activities in the city, Creation of mixed use for diversity and attractiveness of the site, and Clustering the industrial activities and emphasizing on integrated planning. Results: In this paper, three main approaches are identified as the basis of policy making in urban industrial planning:(1) Stabilization of industrial activities in a location, (2) Relocating industrial activities, and (3) attracting the industrial activities to a location.
- United nations. 1990. International standard industrial classification of all economic activities. Revision 3. Series M, No. 4.
- North American industry classification system (NAICS). 2007. Canada Statistics, p:3
- Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade of Iran. 2000.
- Huber, J. 1998. Ecological modernization. University of Helsinki. p:3
- Zeković, S. 2000. Possibilities of sustainable industrial development in Serbia. Institute of architecture and urban planning of Serbia, Belgrade, Facta universitatis, Economics and organization, Vol. 1, No 8.
- Phipps, E. 1995.Pollution prevention: Concepts and principles. NPPC Research assistant, National pollution prevention center for higher education, University of michigan, p:7
- United states environmental protection agency. 1998. Principles of pollution prevention and cleaner production. People’s republic of china version. November. pp:1-6
- United states agency for international development,2000.Reducing urban and industrial pollution in Chile. pp:1-7
- Pellenbarg, P.H.& Dijk J., 2003. firm relocation: state of the art and research prospects. Netherlands interdisciplinary demographic institute.
- Fische, A.W. 1999.zoning and land use regulation. Dartmouth college, pp:402-403
- Hamgoruh Consultant Engineers. 1992. Locality and Criteria for Industry Deployment: Urban Industries zoning guide, India's Experience. Ministry of Housing and Labor of India. Center for Architectural and Urban Studies and Research. (In Persian)
- Dalian environmental protection agency. 2003. Industrial relocation and transformation in Dalian. Initiative seminar on industrial relocation, Ho chi minh, Vietnam.
- Ministry of natural resources and environment. 2012.Guidelines for siting and zoning of industry and residential areas. Malaysia.
- 14.Falsafizadeh, M. 2006. Planning for Organizing Industrial activities and Urban Disturbance Workshops-Case Study: Shiraz Municipality, District 4. Shiraz University. Iran (In Persian).
- Bullen, P.A. and P. E. D. Love. 2011.Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. structural survey 29(5):411-421.
- Collaton, E.& Bartsch, C. 1996.Industrial site reuse and urban redevelopment an overview. Cityscape: A journal of policy development and research. Volume 2. Number3, p:17
- Fernandez, B & Baba, K. 2006. Residential/industrial land use conflict, Conserving industrial land in southeast downtown. Community redevelopment agency of Los Angeles.
- Nikolić, I. 2014.Urban recycling of derelict industrial sites: Analysis of socio-economic redevelopment of post-industrial districts. Polytechnic university of Catalonia.
- Lepel, A. 2006.Changing the function of industrial buildings-survey. Budapest University of technology and economics, Hungary.
- Schiffer. S. T. R.2005.Revitalizing obsolete inner industrial areas as an alternative to peripheral urban growth. City & Time .1(3), p:4
- Tiesdell, S.& Oc, T. 1996.Revitalizing historical urban quarters. Architectural press Oxford.
- Department of City planning and Community redevelopment agency of the city of Los Angeles. 2007.LosAngeles’s industrial land: sustaining a dynamic city economy.
- Rabianski, J.& ClementsS., 2007. Mixed-Use Development: A review of professional literature. Department of real estate. Georgia state university. Atlanta.
- Hirt, S. 2007.The mixed-use trend: Planning attitudes and practices in northeast Ohio. Journal of architectural and planning research. 24:3, p:224-244
- Cotter, D. 2012.Putting Atlanta back to work: Integrating light industry into mixed-use urban development. Georgia tech enterprise innovation institute. Atlanta.USA.
- Furukawa, Y., 2005, “Industrial cluster study report”, Japan.
- Gigler, U.& Tötzer, T. 2004. Examples of revitalized urban industrial sites across Europe”, Austrian research center.
- Gigler, U.& Tötzer, T. 2005. Managing urban dynamics in old industrial cities: Lessons learned on revitalizing inner-city industrial sites in six European case studies. 45th Congress of the European regional science association - Land use and water. Vrije universiteit. Amsterdam.
_||_
- United nations. 1990. International standard industrial classification of all economic activities. Revision 3. Series M, No. 4.
- North American industry classification system (NAICS). 2007. Canada Statistics, p:3
- Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade of Iran. 2000.
- Huber, J. 1998. Ecological modernization. University of Helsinki. p:3
- Zeković, S. 2000. Possibilities of sustainable industrial development in Serbia. Institute of architecture and urban planning of Serbia, Belgrade, Facta universitatis, Economics and organization, Vol. 1, No 8.
- Phipps, E. 1995.Pollution prevention: Concepts and principles. NPPC Research assistant, National pollution prevention center for higher education, University of michigan, p:7
- United states environmental protection agency. 1998. Principles of pollution prevention and cleaner production. People’s republic of china version. November. pp:1-6
- United states agency for international development,2000.Reducing urban and industrial pollution in Chile. pp:1-7
- Pellenbarg, P.H.& Dijk J., 2003. firm relocation: state of the art and research prospects. Netherlands interdisciplinary demographic institute.
- Fische, A.W. 1999.zoning and land use regulation. Dartmouth college, pp:402-403
- Hamgoruh Consultant Engineers. 1992. Locality and Criteria for Industry Deployment: Urban Industries zoning guide, India's Experience. Ministry of Housing and Labor of India. Center for Architectural and Urban Studies and Research. (In Persian)
- Dalian environmental protection agency. 2003. Industrial relocation and transformation in Dalian. Initiative seminar on industrial relocation, Ho chi minh, Vietnam.
- Ministry of natural resources and environment. 2012.Guidelines for siting and zoning of industry and residential areas. Malaysia.
- 14.Falsafizadeh, M. 2006. Planning for Organizing Industrial activities and Urban Disturbance Workshops-Case Study: Shiraz Municipality, District 4. Shiraz University. Iran (In Persian).
- Bullen, P.A. and P. E. D. Love. 2011.Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. structural survey 29(5):411-421.
- Collaton, E.& Bartsch, C. 1996.Industrial site reuse and urban redevelopment an overview. Cityscape: A journal of policy development and research. Volume 2. Number3, p:17
- Fernandez, B & Baba, K. 2006. Residential/industrial land use conflict, Conserving industrial land in southeast downtown. Community redevelopment agency of Los Angeles.
- Nikolić, I. 2014.Urban recycling of derelict industrial sites: Analysis of socio-economic redevelopment of post-industrial districts. Polytechnic university of Catalonia.
- Lepel, A. 2006.Changing the function of industrial buildings-survey. Budapest University of technology and economics, Hungary.
- Schiffer. S. T. R.2005.Revitalizing obsolete inner industrial areas as an alternative to peripheral urban growth. City & Time .1(3), p:4
- Tiesdell, S.& Oc, T. 1996.Revitalizing historical urban quarters. Architectural press Oxford.
- Department of City planning and Community redevelopment agency of the city of Los Angeles. 2007.LosAngeles’s industrial land: sustaining a dynamic city economy.
- Rabianski, J.& ClementsS., 2007. Mixed-Use Development: A review of professional literature. Department of real estate. Georgia state university. Atlanta.
- Hirt, S. 2007.The mixed-use trend: Planning attitudes and practices in northeast Ohio. Journal of architectural and planning research. 24:3, p:224-244
- Cotter, D. 2012.Putting Atlanta back to work: Integrating light industry into mixed-use urban development. Georgia tech enterprise innovation institute. Atlanta.USA.
- Furukawa, Y., 2005, “Industrial cluster study report”, Japan.
- Gigler, U.& Tötzer, T. 2004. Examples of revitalized urban industrial sites across Europe”, Austrian research center.
- Gigler, U.& Tötzer, T. 2005. Managing urban dynamics in old industrial cities: Lessons learned on revitalizing inner-city industrial sites in six European case studies. 45th Congress of the European regional science association - Land use and water. Vrije universiteit. Amsterdam.