حذف فسفات از آب توسط جذب سطحی بر روی نانوذرات اکسیدگرافن
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستزینب کیانی 1 , معصومه میرزایی 2
1 - کارشناسی ارشد. گروه مهندسی شیمی، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مهندسی شیمی، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: جذب سطحی, فسفات, محلول آبی, اکسید گرافن,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﺴﻔﺎت در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎی آﺑﯽ ﺗﻮازن رﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات آﺑﺰی را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ زﻧﺪ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺟﺪی را اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در این مطالعه هدف بررسی آزمایشگاهی حذف یون فسفات با استفاده از نانوذرات اکسیدگرافن می باشد. روش بررسی: جاذب مورد استفاده در این تحقیق گرافن بوده که ابتدا به سنتز اکسید گرافن توسط مدل هامر پرداخته شد.جاذب سنتز شده به دلیل دارا بودن گروه های عاملی اپوکسی و هیدروکسیل بر روی سطح خود موجب می شود که خاصیت آب دوست بودن آن افزایش یابد و منجر به ارتقاء کاربرد اکسید گرافن در محیط های آبی شود.اثر پارامترهای مختلف شامل مقدار جاذب، pH، غلظت اولیه، دما و زمان تماس بر روی میزان جذب بررسی شد. هم چنین در ادامه مطالعات سینتیکی بر روی داده ها انجام گردید. یافته‌ها: بیش ترین درصد جذب برابر با 75% بوده است که در 3= pH و بعد از سه ساعت تماس محلول با جاذب اتفاق افتاده است. هم چنین نتایج نشان می دهد که داده ها متناسب با مدل سنتیکی شبه مرتبه دوم بوده است. اطلاعات آزمایشگاهی با مدل لانگمیر تطبیق داده شد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه جاذب اکسید گرافن به عنوان جاذب سازگار با محیط زیست ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ در حذف ﻓﺴﻔﺎت دارد .
Background and Objective: Increased amount of phosphate in the aqueous solutions disrupts the balance of aquatic organisms leading to serious environmental problems. This study aimed to evaluate the experimental phosphate removal using graphene oxide nanoparticles. Method: In this study, the used adsorbent was initially synthesize by Hummer method its surface was covered by epoxy and hydroxyl functional groups. The adsorbent synthesized on the surface increases the hydrophilic property and promotes the use of graphene oxide in aqueous solutions. The effects of various parameters including the amount of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration, temperature, and contact time on adsorption were studied. Further kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed on the data. Findings: The highest absorption rate by 0.2 g of adsorbent was equal to 75% at pH =3 of the solution after 3-hour contact with absorbent. The results show that the kinetic pseudo-second-order model fits the data. The experimental data were adjusted with Langmuir model. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, graphene oxide adsorbent as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphate has a good ability to adapt to the environment.
1- McGhee Terence J., 1991. Water supply and sewerage. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, pp. 70-75.
2- Hrioyuki Y., Wilmer AG., 2002. Equilibria for adsorption of phosphates on OH-Type strongly basic ion exchanger. Aiche Journal; 48,pp. 2193-2202.
3- Antelo J., Avena M., Fiol S., Lopez R., Arce F., 2005. Effects of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of phosphate and arsenate at the goethite-water interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Sience; 285,pp. 476-486.
4- United Nations Environment Program., 1996.Water quality monitoring. 2nd ed. New York: Chapman &Hall, pp. 12-14.
5- Chapra SC., 1997. Surface water-quality modeling. 2nd ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, pp. 83.
6- Park JK., 1994. Wastewater characterization for evaluation of biological phosphorus removal. Wisconsin department of natural resources. Research Report; 174: 29.
7- Penetra RG., Reali M A P., Foresti E., 1999. Campos J.R. Post-treatment of effluents from anaerobic reactor treating domestic sewage by dissolved-air flotation. Water Sci Technol; 40,pp. 137-143.
8- Ruixia L., Jinlong G., Hongxiao TJ., 2002. Adsorption of fluoride, phosphate, and arsenate ions on a new type of ion exchange fiber. J Colloid Interface Sci; 248,pp. 268-274.
9- Ugurlu A., Salman B., 1998. Phosphorus removal by fly ash. Environ Int; 24,pp. 911-918.
10- Chitrakar R., Tezuka S., Sonoda A., Sakane K., Ooi K., Hirotsu T., 2006 .Selective adsorption of phosphate from seawater and wastewater by amorphous Zirconium hydroxide. J Colloid Interface Sci; 297,pp. 426-433.
11- Patureau D., Helloin E., Rustrian E., Bouchez T., Delgenes J P., Moletta R., 2001. Combined phosphate and nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor using the aerobic denitrifier, microvirgula aerodenitrificans Water Res; 35,pp.189-197.
12- Gieseke A., Arnz P., Amann R., Schramm A., 2002. Simultaneous P and N removal in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: insights from reactor and microscale investigations. Water Res; 6,pp. 501-509.
13- Eggers E., Dirkzwager A H., Van der Honing H., 1991. Full-scale experiences with phosphate crystallisation in a crystalactor. Ter Sci Technol; 4,pp. 333-334
14- Adin A., Soffer Y., Ben Aim R., 1998. Effluent pretreatment by iron coagulation applying various dose-pH combinations for optimum particle separation. Water Sci Technol; 38,pp. 27-34.
15- Blouin GM., Rindt DW., Moore O E., 1971. Sulfurcoated fertilizers for controlled release: pilot plant production. J Agric Food Chem; 9, pp.801-808.
16- de-Bashan L E., Bashan Y.,2004. Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer (1997-2003). Water Res; 38,pp. 4222-4246.
17- Erik H., 1982. Stability constants of metal-ion complexes part A: Inorganic Ligands. 1nd ed. Pergamon Press: Oxford, pp. 128.
18- Namasivayam C., Sangeetha D., 2004. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of adsorption of phosphate onto ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon. J Colloid Interface Sci; 80,pp. 359-365.
19- Kasama, T., Watanabe, Y., Yamada, H., Murakami, T.,2004. Sorption of phosphates on Al-pillared smectites and mica at acidic to neutral pH. Appl Clay Sci; 5,pp. 67-177.
20- Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F., Stensel, D., 2003. Wastewater engineering , treatment and reuse, 4th Ed.,McGraw-Hill, New York
21- Johansson, L., Gustafsson, J., 2000. Phosphate removal using blast furnace slags and opoka-Mechanisms. Water Research, 34, pp.259-265
22- Sheng, G., Shi, Q., Hong, D., 2008. Mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by blast furnace slag and steel furnace slag. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A, 9(1),pp. 125-132.
23- Xu, K., Deng, T., Liu, J., Peng, W., 2010. Study on the phosphate removal from aqueous solution using modified fly ash. Fuel, 89(12), pp.3668-3674.
24- Jiang,Z., Han, J., Liu, X., 2011. Behavior of phosphorus adsorption from aqueous solutions on modified activated alumina. Advanced Materials Research, 152 - 153,pp. 945-949.
25- Subramanyan Vasudevan., Jothinathan Lakshmi.,2012. The adsorption of phosphate by graphene from aqueous solution,pp. 5234-5242
26- Cao A., Liu Z., Chu S., Wu M., Ye Z., Cai Z., Chang Y., Wang S., Gong Q., Liu Y., 2009. facile one-step method to produce graphene-CdS quantum dot nanocomposites as promising optoelectronic materials, Adv. Mater. Vol. 21 , pp. 103–106
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1- McGhee Terence J., 1991. Water supply and sewerage. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, pp. 70-75.
2- Hrioyuki Y., Wilmer AG., 2002. Equilibria for adsorption of phosphates on OH-Type strongly basic ion exchanger. Aiche Journal; 48,pp. 2193-2202.
3- Antelo J., Avena M., Fiol S., Lopez R., Arce F., 2005. Effects of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of phosphate and arsenate at the goethite-water interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Sience; 285,pp. 476-486.
4- United Nations Environment Program., 1996.Water quality monitoring. 2nd ed. New York: Chapman &Hall, pp. 12-14.
5- Chapra SC., 1997. Surface water-quality modeling. 2nd ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, pp. 83.
6- Park JK., 1994. Wastewater characterization for evaluation of biological phosphorus removal. Wisconsin department of natural resources. Research Report; 174: 29.
7- Penetra RG., Reali M A P., Foresti E., 1999. Campos J.R. Post-treatment of effluents from anaerobic reactor treating domestic sewage by dissolved-air flotation. Water Sci Technol; 40,pp. 137-143.
8- Ruixia L., Jinlong G., Hongxiao TJ., 2002. Adsorption of fluoride, phosphate, and arsenate ions on a new type of ion exchange fiber. J Colloid Interface Sci; 248,pp. 268-274.
9- Ugurlu A., Salman B., 1998. Phosphorus removal by fly ash. Environ Int; 24,pp. 911-918.
10- Chitrakar R., Tezuka S., Sonoda A., Sakane K., Ooi K., Hirotsu T., 2006 .Selective adsorption of phosphate from seawater and wastewater by amorphous Zirconium hydroxide. J Colloid Interface Sci; 297,pp. 426-433.
11- Patureau D., Helloin E., Rustrian E., Bouchez T., Delgenes J P., Moletta R., 2001. Combined phosphate and nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor using the aerobic denitrifier, microvirgula aerodenitrificans Water Res; 35,pp.189-197.
12- Gieseke A., Arnz P., Amann R., Schramm A., 2002. Simultaneous P and N removal in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: insights from reactor and microscale investigations. Water Res; 6,pp. 501-509.
13- Eggers E., Dirkzwager A H., Van der Honing H., 1991. Full-scale experiences with phosphate crystallisation in a crystalactor. Ter Sci Technol; 4,pp. 333-334
14- Adin A., Soffer Y., Ben Aim R., 1998. Effluent pretreatment by iron coagulation applying various dose-pH combinations for optimum particle separation. Water Sci Technol; 38,pp. 27-34.
15- Blouin GM., Rindt DW., Moore O E., 1971. Sulfurcoated fertilizers for controlled release: pilot plant production. J Agric Food Chem; 9, pp.801-808.
16- de-Bashan L E., Bashan Y.,2004. Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer (1997-2003). Water Res; 38,pp. 4222-4246.
17- Erik H., 1982. Stability constants of metal-ion complexes part A: Inorganic Ligands. 1nd ed. Pergamon Press: Oxford, pp. 128.
18- Namasivayam C., Sangeetha D., 2004. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of adsorption of phosphate onto ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon. J Colloid Interface Sci; 80,pp. 359-365.
19- Kasama, T., Watanabe, Y., Yamada, H., Murakami, T.,2004. Sorption of phosphates on Al-pillared smectites and mica at acidic to neutral pH. Appl Clay Sci; 5,pp. 67-177.
20- Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F., Stensel, D., 2003. Wastewater engineering , treatment and reuse, 4th Ed.,McGraw-Hill, New York
21- Johansson, L., Gustafsson, J., 2000. Phosphate removal using blast furnace slags and opoka-Mechanisms. Water Research, 34, pp.259-265
22- Sheng, G., Shi, Q., Hong, D., 2008. Mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by blast furnace slag and steel furnace slag. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A, 9(1),pp. 125-132.
23- Xu, K., Deng, T., Liu, J., Peng, W., 2010. Study on the phosphate removal from aqueous solution using modified fly ash. Fuel, 89(12), pp.3668-3674.
24- Jiang,Z., Han, J., Liu, X., 2011. Behavior of phosphorus adsorption from aqueous solutions on modified activated alumina. Advanced Materials Research, 152 - 153,pp. 945-949.
25- Subramanyan Vasudevan., Jothinathan Lakshmi.,2012. The adsorption of phosphate by graphene from aqueous solution,pp. 5234-5242
26- Cao A., Liu Z., Chu S., Wu M., Ye Z., Cai Z., Chang Y., Wang S., Gong Q., Liu Y., 2009. facile one-step method to produce graphene-CdS quantum dot nanocomposites as promising optoelectronic materials, Adv. Mater. Vol. 21 , pp. 103–106