بررسی تاثیرات دراز مدت مصرف پساب برروی اعماق مختلف خاک
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
ایمان همایون نژاد
1
(استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی-مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
سعید شجاعی
2
(دکتری بیابان‌زدایی، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.)
پرییا امیریان
3
(دکتری بهداشت محیط، سازمان مدیریت پسماند شهرداری شیراز)
تاریخ دریافت : 1402/01/17
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/02/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01
کلید واژه:
زاهدان,
آب نامتعارف,
پساب,
خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه کمبود ذخایر آبی در زمین بویژه اقلیمهای خشک از جمله کشور ما باعث شده تا استفاده مجدد و هدفمند از پساب جهت تامین منابع آبی جدید بعنوان یک راه حل مناسب مطرح گردد. در حال حاضر کشورهایی که با مشکل کمبود منابع آبی روبرو هستند امکان‌سنجی استفاده از فاضلاب تحت عنوان آبهای نامتعارف را بررسی میکنند. اما متاسفانه در این خصوص تحقیق بسیار کمی صورت گرفته است.
روش بررسی: بمنظور بررسی میزان تغییرات برخی عناصر و مشخصات خاکی که بوسیله پساب در مدت زمان 3 سال آبیاری شده است، آزمایشی بصورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه بارتکرار انجام گرفت. نمونه برداری از دو عمق 0-30 و 30-60 سانتی متری خاک صورت گرفت و پارامترهای سدیم، مجموع کلسیم و منیزیم، هدایت الکتریکی و pH خاک در سه منطقه متفاوت مطالعاتی (بدون آبیاری، آبیاری با پساب تصفیه شده، آبیاری با آب رودخانه) اندازه گیری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته ها: پساب خروجی از تصفیه خانه زاهدان سبب افزایش قابل قبول میزان سدیم، مجموع کلسیم و منیزیم و اسیدیته خاک نسبت به منطقه شاهد گردیده است. اما درمورد هدایت الکتریکی، آبیاری با پساب سبب کاهش این مقدار گردید.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: پساب(تصفیه شده) سبب افزایش موثر و قابل قبول برخی عناصر خاک می گردد. بنابراین می تواند در امر احیاء خاک کمک موثری باشد و بعنوان یکی از منابع آب بخصوص در مناطق خشک که با کمبود آب مواجه هستند، مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Today, the lack of water reserves on the ground, especially in dry climates including our country, has caused the purposeful reuse of wastewater to provide new water sources as a new solution. Currently, countries that are facing the problem of lack of water resources are investigating the feasibility of using wastewater under the title of unconventional waters. But unfortunately, very little research has been done in this regard.
Materials and Methodology: In order to investigate the amount of changes in some elements and characteristics of the soil under irrigation with wastewater, for 3 years, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Sampling was done from two depths of soil 0-30 and 30-60 cm, and the parameters of sodium, total calcium and magnesium, acidity and electrical conductivity of the soil in three study locations (without irrigation, irrigation with treated wastewater, and irrigation with water of river) was measured and analyzed.
Findings: The effluent from Zahedan treatment plant has caused an acceptable increase in the amount of sodium, total calcium and magnesium, and soil acidity compared to the control area. But regarding the electrical conductivity, irrigation with sewage decreased this amount.
Discussion and Conclusion: Effluent causes an effective and acceptable increase of some soil elements, which can be an effective help in soil regeneration and to be used as one of the water sources especially in dry areas that are facing a shortage of water resources.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ammeri, RW., Hidri, Y., Souid, F., Simeone, GD., Hajjaji, F., Moussa, M., Hassen, A., Eturki, S., 2023 Improvement of degraded agricultural soil in an arid zone following short-and long term treated municipal wastewater application: a case study of gabes perimeter, Tunisia. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 182.
Belaid, N., Feki, S., Cheknane, B., Frank-Neel, C., Baudu, M., 2019. Impact of irrigation systems on vertical and lateral metals distribution in soils irrigated with treated wastewater: case study of elhajeb-sfax. Agricultural Water Management, vol. 225.
HoosseinOghli, A., 2002. The use of domestic sewage and wastewater treatment plants in irrigation of agricultural products and artificial feeding of underground water tables, phd thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Moazed, V., Hanifeloo, A., 2002. Evaluation of the quality of the incoming and outgoing wastewater of the wastewater treatment plant west of Ahvaz city for reuse in agriculture. Proceedings of the first national conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks. (In Persian)
Fatta, D., Kythreotou, N., 2005. Wastewater as Valuable Water Resource Concerns, Constraints and Requirements Related to Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse. IWA International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics and Finance, Greece.
Zaman, M., Matsushima, M., Chang, SX., Inubushi, K., Nguyen, L., Goto, S., Kaneko, F., Yoneyama, T., 2004. Nitrogen mineralization, N2O production and soil microbiological properties as affected by longterm applications of sewage sludge composts. Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol,40, pp.101-109.
Xiuli, Li., XU, Wu., 2021. Study on the Effects of Sewage Irrigation on Soil. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 20, No.1, pp, 335-340.
Selivanovskaya, SYu., Latypova, VZ., Kiyamova, SN., Alimova, FK., 2001. Use of microbial parameters to assess treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tatarstan, agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 86, pp.145-153.
Nadi, Z., Raeesi, F., Hosseinpoor, A., 2002. The effect of raw and treated industrial effluents on the enzymatic activity of a silty clay in laboratory conditions. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 1, pp. 93-100. (In Persian)
Sheshma, B., Ankita, S., Sharma, S., Kholvar, K., Mandawat, B., Agarwal, V., Bargotya, Y., 2022. Effect of Sewage on Soil Properties. International journal of Management, Technology and Engeeniring, vol. 4.
Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Aliarab, A., 2004.The effect of irrigation with municipal wastewater on the soil and growth of pine trees in Tehran. Iranian Forest and Spruce Research Quarterly, vol.2, pp. 186-196. (In Persian)
Abedi–koupai, j., 2001. Influence of treated wastewater and irrigation systems on soil physical properties in Isfahan province. ICID International workshop on wastewater reusemanagement. Sep. 19-20. Seoul, Korea. 165-173.
Emamgholi, M., 2012. Evaluating the effect of urban wastewater in reclamation of desert lands on some chemical characteristics of soil and vegetation (case study: Isfahan's Segzai plain), MSc thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Sparks, DL., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
APHA, 2012, Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Wastewater output standard, 1994, Environmental Organization research assistant. (In Persian)
Guidi, G., Pagliai, M., Giachetti, M.,1983. Modifications of some physical and chemical soil properties following sludge and compost application. Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Ghollarata, M., Raiesi, F., 2007. The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium alexandrinum L. and associated microbial and biochemical properties in a soil from Iran. Soil Biol. Biochem, vol, 39, pp.1699–1702.
Bahremand, M., Efyoni, M., Hajabasi, A., Rezainejad, y., 2002. Effect of sewage sludge on soil physical properties. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. pp. 1-8. (In Persian)
Zamani, J., Efyoni, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A., Eshghizadeh, H., 2010. Effect of sewage sludge plant Pliyakril, municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on soil properties and yield of corn. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, pp.154-163. (In Persian)
Shahraki, F., Mahdavi, R., 2001. The effect of irrigation with wastewater on some physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 53, pp. 23-29. (In Persian)
Hosseinpoor, A., Haghnia, GH., Alizadeh, A., Fottovat, A., 2004. The effect of irrigation with sewage and urban effluent on some chemical properties of soil at different depths in two conditions of continuous and intermittent waterlogging. Irrigation and Drainage Journal of Iran, vol. 2, pp. 73-85. (In Persian)
Yazdani, V., Ghahraman, B., Davari, K., Fazeli, E., 2014. The effect of wastewater on physical and chemical properties of soil. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, vol. 16, pp. 543-558. (In Persian)
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Ammeri, RW., Hidri, Y., Souid, F., Simeone, GD., Hajjaji, F., Moussa, M., Hassen, A., Eturki, S., 2023 Improvement of degraded agricultural soil in an arid zone following short-and long term treated municipal wastewater application: a case study of gabes perimeter, Tunisia. Applied Soil Ecology, vol. 182.
Belaid, N., Feki, S., Cheknane, B., Frank-Neel, C., Baudu, M., 2019. Impact of irrigation systems on vertical and lateral metals distribution in soils irrigated with treated wastewater: case study of elhajeb-sfax. Agricultural Water Management, vol. 225.
HoosseinOghli, A., 2002. The use of domestic sewage and wastewater treatment plants in irrigation of agricultural products and artificial feeding of underground water tables, phd thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Moazed, V., Hanifeloo, A., 2002. Evaluation of the quality of the incoming and outgoing wastewater of the wastewater treatment plant west of Ahvaz city for reuse in agriculture. Proceedings of the first national conference on management of irrigation and drainage networks. (In Persian)
Fatta, D., Kythreotou, N., 2005. Wastewater as Valuable Water Resource Concerns, Constraints and Requirements Related to Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse. IWA International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics and Finance, Greece.
Zaman, M., Matsushima, M., Chang, SX., Inubushi, K., Nguyen, L., Goto, S., Kaneko, F., Yoneyama, T., 2004. Nitrogen mineralization, N2O production and soil microbiological properties as affected by longterm applications of sewage sludge composts. Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol,40, pp.101-109.
Xiuli, Li., XU, Wu., 2021. Study on the Effects of Sewage Irrigation on Soil. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 20, No.1, pp, 335-340.
Selivanovskaya, SYu., Latypova, VZ., Kiyamova, SN., Alimova, FK., 2001. Use of microbial parameters to assess treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tatarstan, agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 86, pp.145-153.
Nadi, Z., Raeesi, F., Hosseinpoor, A., 2002. The effect of raw and treated industrial effluents on the enzymatic activity of a silty clay in laboratory conditions. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 1, pp. 93-100. (In Persian)
Sheshma, B., Ankita, S., Sharma, S., Kholvar, K., Mandawat, B., Agarwal, V., Bargotya, Y., 2022. Effect of Sewage on Soil Properties. International journal of Management, Technology and Engeeniring, vol. 4.
Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Aliarab, A., 2004.The effect of irrigation with municipal wastewater on the soil and growth of pine trees in Tehran. Iranian Forest and Spruce Research Quarterly, vol.2, pp. 186-196. (In Persian)
Abedi–koupai, j., 2001. Influence of treated wastewater and irrigation systems on soil physical properties in Isfahan province. ICID International workshop on wastewater reusemanagement. Sep. 19-20. Seoul, Korea. 165-173.
Emamgholi, M., 2012. Evaluating the effect of urban wastewater in reclamation of desert lands on some chemical characteristics of soil and vegetation (case study: Isfahan's Segzai plain), MSc thesis, Tehran university. (In Persian)
Sparks, DL., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
APHA, 2012, Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Wastewater output standard, 1994, Environmental Organization research assistant. (In Persian)
Guidi, G., Pagliai, M., Giachetti, M.,1983. Modifications of some physical and chemical soil properties following sludge and compost application. Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Ghollarata, M., Raiesi, F., 2007. The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium alexandrinum L. and associated microbial and biochemical properties in a soil from Iran. Soil Biol. Biochem, vol, 39, pp.1699–1702.
Bahremand, M., Efyoni, M., Hajabasi, A., Rezainejad, y., 2002. Effect of sewage sludge on soil physical properties. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. pp. 1-8. (In Persian)
Zamani, J., Efyoni, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A., Eshghizadeh, H., 2010. Effect of sewage sludge plant Pliyakril, municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on soil properties and yield of corn. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, pp.154-163. (In Persian)
Shahraki, F., Mahdavi, R., 2001. The effect of irrigation with wastewater on some physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of water and sewage, vol. 53, pp. 23-29. (In Persian)
Hosseinpoor, A., Haghnia, GH., Alizadeh, A., Fottovat, A., 2004. The effect of irrigation with sewage and urban effluent on some chemical properties of soil at different depths in two conditions of continuous and intermittent waterlogging. Irrigation and Drainage Journal of Iran, vol. 2, pp. 73-85. (In Persian)
Yazdani, V., Ghahraman, B., Davari, K., Fazeli, E., 2014. The effect of wastewater on physical and chemical properties of soil. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, vol. 16, pp. 543-558. (In Persian)
