تحلیل و ارزیابی معیارهای تأثیرگذار در رشد هوشمند شهری با تأکید بر TOD (موردپژوهش: شهر بسطام)
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
فاطمه درخشان
1
,
الهام سرکرده‌یی
2
,
اسلام کرمی
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/11/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/22
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/12/01
کلید واژه:
QSPM,
SWOT,
توسعه حمل‌ونقل همگانی محور,
رشد هوشمند شهری,
TOD,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نظریۀ رشد هوشمند شهری در واکنش به گسترش پراکندۀ شهرها و بر مبنای اصول توسعۀ پایدار شکل‌گرفته است که یکی از بهترین نمونه‌های آن،TOD (توسعه حمل و نقل همگانی محور) است. تا زمانی که توسعه و برنامه‌های شهری بر مبنای حرکت اتومبیل تهیه و اجرا گردند، مسائل و مشکلات متعددی در شهرها ایجاد می‌شود و دستیابی به رشد هوشمند و TOD امکان‌پذیر نخواهد بود. هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارائه راهبردهایی جهت توسعه شهر بسطام بر اساس رشد هوشمند شهری با تأکید بر رویکرد TOD است.روش بررسی: روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به روش اسنادی، پرسشنامه و مصاحبه در پاییز ۱۴۰۰ انجام شده است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها در ابتدا نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدها بر اساس روش SWOT، با توجه به نظر شهروندان و متخصصان برای محدودۀ مورد مطالعه بررسی شدند، سپس پیشنهاد‌ها در قالب راهبردها ارائه شده و با استفاده از تکنیک QSPM اولویت‌بندی شدند.یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل ماتریس‌های داخلی و خارجی نشان داد که مجموع امتیاز نهایی عوامل داخلی با توجه به نظرات شهروندان و متخصصان به ترتیب ۲۶۷/۲ و ۲۷۳/۲ و مجموع امتیاز نهایی عوامل خارجی به ترتیب برابر ۱۷۶/۲ و ۴۲۶/۲ است؛ چون این اعداد کمتر از ۵/۲ است، نشان می‌دهد که در شرایط موجود، شهر بسطام از نظر عوامل داخلی و خارجی دارای ضعف و تهدید می‌باشد، لذا تمرکز راهبردهای ارائه شده باید در جهت به حداقل رساندن ضعف‌های موجود و عواقب سوء تهدیدها باشد.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که از نظر شهروندان راهبرد فراهم کردن امکانات لازم در پیاده‌راه‌ها و طراحی با توجه به اقلیم و شرایط آب و هوایی با ۵/۹۶ امتیاز و از نظر متخصصان راهبرد توجه مسئولان امور شهری به محدود کردن محورهای حرکتی سواره و گسترش مسیرهای پیاده با ۶/۰۷ امتیاز در اولویت قرار دارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: In response to the scattered expansion of cities, the theory of smart growth is based on the principles of sustainable development; one of the best examples is TOD. As long as Urban baseddevelopment and planning are developed and implemented, many problems will arise in cities and it will not be possible to achieve smart growth and TOD. The main purpose of this study is to present strategies for the development of Bastam city based on smart urban growth with an emphasis on TOD approach.Material and Methodology: The method of descriptive analytical research and data collection was done by a documentary, questionnaire, and interview. To analyze the data, first, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were examined according to the SWOT method, based on the opinions of citizens and experts for the study area, then suggestions were presentedin the form of strategies, and strategies were prioritized using QSPM techniqueFindings: The results of the analysis of internal and external matrices showed that in the current situation, the city of Bastam is facing many weaknesses and is weak in terms of internal factors, also the threats are more effective and therefore focus of the proposed Strategies should be minimizing the consequences of adverse threats.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the evaluation of strategies indicate that the first step towards achieving smart urban growth with an emphasis on TOD, from thecitizens opinion was the strategy of providing the necessary facilities on sidewalks and design according to the climate and weather conditions with 5/96 points and from the specialists opinion, the strategy of urban affairs officialsattention towards limiting the riding axes and expanding the pedestrian paths with 6/07 points are the first development priority.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Loo, B., Chen, C., & Chan, E. (2010). Rail-based transit-oriented development: lessons from New York City and Hong Kong, Landscape and Urban Planning.202-212
Bahraini, Seyed Hossein. (1382). Urban Design Process. Sixth Edition. University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Calthorpe, P. (1993) the Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. Princeton Architectural Press, New York.
(2017). TOD Standard, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, 3rd Ed. New York: ITDP, 2017.
Abbas Zadegan, Mustafa. Rezazadeh, Razie. Mohammadi, Maryam. (1390). Investigating The Concept of Development Based on Public Transportation and The Location of Tehran Metro in It. Nazar Garden Magazine. University of Science and Industry. No 17. 43-58. (In Persian)
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Mirmaghtadai, Mahta. Barikani, Marzieh. (1397). National Guide to Public Transport Based Development. (In Persian)
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Musa Kazemi, Sayyed Mehdi and Shokooei, Hossein. (1381). Assessssing The Social Sustainability of Qom City Development, Journal of Geographical Research. Payam Noor University of Tehran. No 43. 27-41. (In Persian)
Poorahmad, Ahmad. Zarei, Keramatullah. Hataminejad, Hossein and Parsapashaabadi, Shahram. (1397). theConceot and Features of the Smart City. Nazar Garden Magazine. University of Tehran. No 58. 5-26. (In Persian)
Edwards, M. (2007). Evaluating Smart Growth:Implications For Framework,. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences .49-64
Cervero, R. (1998). The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Island Press.133-135
Environmental Architecture Design Consulting Engineers. (1390). Detailed Master Plan of Bastam City
Zarei, Keramatullah.Mahdnjad, Hafiz and Parhiz, Faryad. (1388). Fundamentals and Techniques of Urban Planning. First Edition. Chabahar University Press. Tehran. (In Persian)
EbrahimzadehAsmin, Hossein and Habibi, Mohammad Ali. (1389). Analysis of Pyysical Expansion and Spiral Growth Factoes in Tabas After Earthquake Using Holderns Entropy Model.Geography and Development Quarterly. Eighth Year. No 19. 25-46. (In Persian)
Zanganeh shahraki, Saeed. (1392). The Process of Turning Rural Areas into Cities and The Emergence of the Raw Phenomenon of Cities. Rural Research. University of Tehran. No 3, 535-557. (In Persian)
Poorahmad, ahmad. Hataminejad, Hossein. Zarei, Keramatullah. Farajisabokbar, Hassanali. Vafaei, Abozar. (1395). Analysis of Physical-Spatial Develipment Model of Urban from The Perspective of Sustainable Development (Case Study: Kashan). Journal of Geographical Studies. University of Tehran. No 26. 1-22. (In Persian)
Williams, Kitty. Jenks, Mike. Burton, Elizabeth. (1383). Achieving a Sustainable Urban form. Translated by Varaz Moradi. First Edition. Urban Processing and Planning Company.
Saeedi, Abbas. (1387). Urban and Rural Management. Publications of The Organizatin of Municipalities and Villages.Tehran. (In Persian)
AsgharzadehYazdi, Sara. (1389). Proposed Principles of Nowshahrism in Urban Neighborhood Planning. Housing and Rural Envirnment. No 130. 50-63. (In Persian)
Filion, Pierre; McSpurren, Kathleen. (2007). Smart growth and Development Reality: The Difficult Co-ordination of Land Use and Transport Objectives. 501-523
Zhu, Bing; Li, Xuemei; Lei, Jun .(2009). Urban Spatial Expansion Based on “Smart Growth, the 1st International Conference on Information Science and Engineering.
Mandpe, Y; Mayer, B. (2005). What is smart growth really? / jornal of planning literature 301-319
Brown, Lance. Dixon, David. Gilham, Olivar. (1389). Urban Design for The Urban Century, Location for The People. Translated by Seyed Hossein Bahraini. First Edition.University of Tehran.
Loo, B., Chen, C., & Chan, E. (2010). Rail-based transit-oriented development: lessons from New York City and Hong Kong, Landscape and Urban Planning.202-212
Bahraini, Seyed Hossein. (1382). Urban Design Process. Sixth Edition. University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Calthorpe, P. (1993) the Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. Princeton Architectural Press, New York.
(2017). TOD Standard, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, 3rd Ed. New York: ITDP, 2017.
Abbas Zadegan, Mustafa. Rezazadeh, Razie. Mohammadi, Maryam. (1390). Investigating The Concept of Development Based on Public Transportation and The Location of Tehran Metro in It. Nazar Garden Magazine. University of Science and Industry. No 17. 43-58. (In Persian)
Litman, T. (2009). Land Use Impacts On Transport, How Land Use Factors Affect Travel Behavior, Victoria Transport Policy Institute with Rowan Steele
Semnan Province Research Office. (1390). Attractions of Semnan Province. Published by The Research Center of the Islam Republic of Iran. (In Persian)
Deakin, Elizabeth, Nicolae Duduta, Manish Shirgaokar, Gil Tal, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Design Proposals for Fresno, Global Metropolitan Studies Program, University of California, Berkeley REVISED June 2010
Tong, X. Wang, Y. H. W. Chan, E. Zhou, Qingfeng. (2018). Correlation between Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Land Use Catchment Areas, and Local Environmental Transformation. 2-21
Mirmaghtadai, Mahta. Barikani, Marzieh. (1397). National Guide to Public Transport Based Development. (In Persian)
