تأثیر گیاهان بر کاهش استرس کودکان؛ (مطالعه موردی: دانش¬آموزان مدرسه ابتدایی شهدای مدافع حرم شاهین¬شهر)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی
حسین حق شناس
1
,
وحید حیدر نتاج
2
,
فرشته با عزت
3
,
علیرضا نقی نژاد
4
1 - کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران.
4 - استاد گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران.
کلید واژه: گیاه, کلاس, مدارس ابتدایی, کاهش استرس.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: کودکان اغلب اوقات را در فضاهای آموزشی با سطح استرس بالا سپری میکنند که خود مانع شکوفایی خلاقیت و رشد استعدادهای آنها میشود. به همین واسطه باید محیط مدارس متناسب با شرایط آنها و در جهت کاهش استرس در نظر گرفته شود. غیر از عوامل انسانی، شاخصهای بسیاری همچون نور، تهویه، مبلمان، رنگ، فضای سبز و... در میزان استرس موثر بوده که از مهمترین آنها فضای سبز است. پژوهش حاضر تأثیر وجود گیاهان را در فضای داخلی کلاس درس بر کاهش استرس دانشآموزان بررسی میکند.
روش بررسی: این پژوهش از نظر ماهیت و روش گردآوری دادهها، از نوع توصیفی-پیمایشی است. گردآوری دادههای لازم با روش ایجاد فضای سبز شبه آزمایشگاهی در کلاسها انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری در پیشآزمون کلیه دانشآموزان (178 نفر) مقطع تحصیلی چهارم و پنجم و ششم مدرسه شهدای مدافع حرم شاهینشهر در دو جنسیت بوده و از آن بین کودکانی که دارای سطح استرس متوسط به بالا (74 نفر) بودهاند به صورت هدفمند برای آزمایش انتخاب شدهاند. برای جمعآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه سنجش علائم استرس کودکان CSSS با طرح دو گروهی، پیشآزمون و پسآزمون از نوع لیکرت 2 درجهای (بلی، خیر) استفاده شده است. تجزیه وتحلیل دادههای حاصل با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 21.0 و تحلیل واریانس یک راهه ANOVA، برای استنباط معناداری مراحل تحقیق انجام شده است. این پژوهش در زمستان 1388 و بهار 1399 انجام شد.
یافته ها: وجود گیاه در داخل کلاس با سطح احتمال 95% باعث کاهش استرس شده و از لحاظ آماری در مقطع چهارم دخترانه (00/0)، چهارم پسرانه (04/0))، پنجم پسرانه (00/0)، پنجم دخترانه (00/0)، ششم دخترانه (001/0) معنادار (05/0 > p) به دست آمده است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: میانگینهای به‌دست‌آمده از پرسشنامهها به صورت توصیفی و استنباطی، معنی‌داری بین حالت مختلف مراحل پژوهش را نشان میدهد که گواه بر این است که وجود گیاهان در فضای کلاس در مدارس ابتدایی در کاهش استرس دانشآموزان مؤثر است.
Background and Objective: Children often spend time in educational spaces with high levels of stress, which hinders their creative flourishing and development of their talents. Therefore, in order to protect their mental health, the school environment should be considered in accordance with their conditions. Many indicators (light, ventilation, furniture, color, green space, etc.) are effective in stress level, the most important of which is the green space. The present study investigates the effect of plants in the interior environment of classroom on reducing student’s stress
Material and Methodology: this descriptive-survey research tries to collect data by creating a quasi-experimental green space in the classrooms. The statistical population in the pre-test were all students (178 people) of the Shohaday-e-Modafe-e- Haram elementary school of Shahin Shahr in fourth, fifth and sixth grade and both sexes.74 students with higher than average stress level were selected purposely for experiment to collect information, the CSSS Children's Stress Symptoms Questionnaire was used with pre-test and post-test groups, of the 2-point Likert type "Yes" and "No". SPSS software version 21.0 was used for Data analysis and ANOVA one-way analysis of variance was implemented to infer the significance of research steps.
Findings: using plants inside the classrooms are effective on reducing stress level with a probability level of 95% which is statistically resulted as significant (P<0.05) in girls’ fourth grade (0.00), boys’ fourth grade (0.04), girls’ fifth grade (0.00), boys’ fifth grade (0.00), and girls’ sixth grade (0.001).
Discussion and Conclusion: the averages that are resulted through questionnaires demonstrate, in a descriptive and inferential manner, the significance between different stages of the research which proves that using plants in the classroom in elementary schools is effective in reducing student's stress level.
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