نقشه راه کاربرد تکنولوژی هسته‌ای در محیط‌زیست
محورهای موضوعی :
مواد هسته ای و رادیو اکتیو
زهرا سلطانی
1
,
امیرمحمد بیگ زاده
2
1 - دکتری مهندسی هسته‌ای، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار پژوهشکده کاربرد پرتوها، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/09/20
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/12/01
کلید واژه:
تصفیه,
نقشه راه,
تکنولوژی هسته‌ای,
محیط‌زیست,
پساب‌های صنعتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه، استفاده از دستگاه‌های پیشرفته تصفیه آلاینده‌های محیطی مبتنی بر تکنولوژی هسته ای در فرآیندهایی که با تولید آلاینده‌های گازی و مایع و جامد همراه است، شدیداً توصیه می‌شود. تکنولوژی هسته ای، پیشرفته، پیچیده و در مرحله رشد است و نیاز به سرمایه‌گذاری بالا، نیروهای با تخصص بالا و همکاری و هماهنگی سلسله‌ای از پروژه‌ها دارد، لذا تدوین استراتژی و برنامه‌ریزی برای توسعه کاربرد تکنولوژی هسته‌ای در محیط‌زیست، ضروری است. هدف از این پژوهش پشتیبانی از برنامه ریزی راهبردی و بلندمدت تکنولوژی هسته‌ای در حوزه محیط‌زیست با تهیه و تدوین نقشه راه است، تا تکنولوژی‌های کلیدی و روش‌های دستیابی به آن‌ها شناسایی شوند.
روش بررسی: در این مقاله جهت تدوین نقشه راه کاربرد تکنولوژی هسته‌ای در محیط‌زیست، ابتدا با مرور پژوهشی در زمینه‌ی کاربردهای تکنولوژی هسته‌ای در محیط‌زیست، پتانسیل‌های بالقوه و تکنولوژی‌های کلیدی در این زمینه شناسایی شد. سپس با اجرای گام‌های فرایندی از طریق بررسی مقالات و متون علمی، بازار شناسایی شد و سپس انواع محصولات تعیین شدند. بازه زمانی تحقیق بین سال های 1399-1400 می باشد.
یافته‌ها: مهم‌ترین بازار سیستم‌های تصفیه بر پایه تکنولوژی هسته‌ای نیروگاه ها، صنایع بزرگ شیمیایی و پتروشیمی و صنایع پسماند هستند. تأسیسات آلاینده زدایی گازها، تصفیه‌خانه لجن و فاضلاب و تأسیسات رفع آلودگی پسماندهای صنعتی در دسته محصولات طبقه‌بندی می شوند. مطابق نقشه راه، دستیابی به تکنولوژی شتاب‌دهنده‌ها و سامانه‌های پرتودهی گاما از طریق انتقال تکنولوژی و خرید تجهیزات و نیز مشارکت و انتقال تجارب از طریق سازمان های بین‌المللی میسر می گردد. ازآنجایی‌که تمامی مراحل تحقیق و توسعه سیستم های تصفیه حالت‌جامد با امکانات موجود در کشور قابل انجام است و نیز ساده‌تر بودن فرآیند، در طول سه سال اولیه تمرکز بر سیستم های تصفیه حالت‌جامد تعیین شد و به‌موازات آن و با کسب تجارب لازم، امکان انتقال تکنولوژی به سیستم های تصفیه مایع و گاز فراهم می گردد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: سیستم های تصفیه مبتنی بر تکنولوژی هسته ای پیشرفته، مقرون‌به‌صرفه و با کارایی بالاتر و سازگار با محیط‌زیست هستند. در این راستا، کاربرد نقشه راه به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای مدیریتی برای برنامه‌ریزی توسعه‌ی این تکنولوژی ضروری است، که در این مقاله بدان پرداخته شده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Today, the use of advanced environmental pollutants based on nuclear technology in processes associated with the production of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants is highly recommended. Developing a strategy and planning for the development of the application of nuclear technology in the environment is necessary because this technology is advanced, complex and in the growth stage and requires high investment, highly specialized forces and cooperation and coordination of a series of projects.
Material and Methodology: In order to develop a roadmap for the application of nuclear technology in the environment, first, by reviewing research in the field of applications of nuclear technology in the environment, potentials and key technologies in this field were identified. Then, by performing process steps through reviewing scientific articles and texts, the market was identified and then the types of products were determined.
Findings: The most important markets for nuclear technology-based treatment systems are power plants, chemical and petrochemical industries, and waste industries. Gaseous decontamination facilities, sludge and wastewater treatment and industrial waste facilities are classified in the product category. According to the roadmap, the acquisition of accelerator technology and gamma-rayirradiator systems is possible through technology transfer and equipment purchase. Since all stages of research and development of solid-state purification systems can be done with the existing facilities in the country and also the simplicity of the process, during the first three years, the focus on solid state purification systems was determined and in parallel by gaining the necessary experience, it is possible to transfer technology to liquid and gas purification systems.
Discussion and Conclusion: Purification systems based on advanced nuclear technology are cost-effective, more efficient and environmentally friendly. In this regard, the use of roadmap as one of the most important management tools for planning the development of this technology is essential.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Phaal R, Farrukh CJ, Probert DR. Technology roadmapping—A planning framework for evolution and revolution. Technological forecasting and social change. 2004 Jan 1;71(1-2):5-26.
Houssin D, Dujardin T, Cameron R, Tam C, Paillere H, Baroni M, Bromhead A, Baritaud M, Cometto M, Gaghen R, Herzog A. Technology Road-map-Nuclear Energy. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development; 2015.
Ahmadi A, Ghazinoory S, Ahmadi SJ, Soltani B, Saghafi F, Mohseni N. R&D Planning of Thorium Fuel Pellets Fabrication Using Technology Roadmapping Technique. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2018 Jan 1;83:46-61.
Heidrich B, Pimblott SM, Was GS, Zinkle S. Roadmap for the application of ion beam technologies to the challenges of nuclear energy technologies. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2019 Feb 15;441:41-5.
Lee T. From nuclear energy developmental state to energy transition in South Korea: The role of the political epistemic community. Environmental Policy and Governance. 2021 Mar;31(2):82-93.
Sekimoto H. Nuclear Power Generation. InEnergy Technology Roadmaps of Japan 2016 (pp. 257-268). Springer.
Sinha RK, Kakodkar A. The road map for a future Indian nuclear energy system. 2003.
Chmielewski AG. Electron accelerators for environmental protection. Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology. 2011;4(01):147-59.
Chmielewski AG. Industrial applications of electron beam flue gas treatment—From laboratory to the practice. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2007 Aug 1;76(8-9):1480-4.
Maezawa A, Izutsu M. Application of e-beam treatment to flue gas cleanup in Japan. InNon-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control 1993 (pp. 47-54). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Dhuley RC, Gonin I, Kazakov S, Khabiboulline T, Sukhanov A, Yakovlev V, Saini A, Solyak N, Sauers A, Thangaraj JC, Zeller K. Design of a 10 MeV, 1000 kW average power electron-beam accelerator for wastewater treatment applications. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams. 2022 Apr 21;25(4):041601.
Sampa MH, Takacs E, Gehringer P, Rela PR, Ramirez T, Amro H, Trojanowicz M, Botelho ML, Han B, Solpan D, Cooper WJ. Remediation of polluted waters and wastewater by radiation processing. Nukleonika. 2007;52(4):137-44.
Kurucz CN, Waite TD, Cooper WJ. The Miami electron beam research facility: a large scale wastewater treatment application. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 1995 Feb 1;45(2):299-308.
Ponomarev AV. High-speed electron-beam water treatment: A technological consideration. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2020 Jul 1;172:108812.
Wang J, Wang J. Application of radiation technology to sewage sludge processing: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007 May 8;143(1-2):2-7.
Aleev AA, Ivanov SV, Kozlov VA, Kuibeda RP, Kulevoy TV, Rogozhkin SV, Semennikov AI, Sharkov BY, Zaluzhny AG. International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Research Applications and Utilization of Accelerators, Vienna, Austria, 4-8 May.
He S. Innovative solutions for wastewater treatment: case of China. InIAEA technical cooperation programme: sixty years and beyond-contributing to development. Proceedings of an international conference. Companion CD-ROM 2018.
Han B, Kim JK, Kim Y, Choi JS, Jeong KY. Operation of industrial-scale electron beam wastewater treatment plant. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2012 Sep 1;81(9):1475-8.
Lainetti FD. Development of the architectural design of a mobile electron beam accelerator unit of IPEN for the treatment of industrial effluents.
Kim Y, Han B, Kim JK, Jeong KY. Cost assessment of e-beam wastewater treatment. InProceeding Series: International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Research Applications and Utilization of Sccelerators. Vienna 2009 May (4-8).
Meeroff DE, Bloetscher F, Shaha B. Economics of wastewater/biosolids treatment by electron beam technology. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2020 Mar 1;168:108541.
Portal of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Radiation Application Development Company (aeoi.org.ir)
Behjat A, Mozahheb SA, Khalili MB, Vakhshoor B, Zareshaei H, Fallahzadeh M. Advanced oxidation treatment of drinking water and wastewater using high-energy electron beam irradiation. Journal of Water and Wastewater; 2007 Mar 1;18(1):60-8. (In Persian)
Hashemi H, Amin MM, Bina B, Abdellahi M, Hatamzadeh M. Disinfection of water and wastewater using gamma irradiation in Isfahan water and wastewater treatment plants. J Water Wastewater. 2010;4:28-32.
Madah AH, Khodadadi M, Khoramipour Comparison of gamma ray and ultraviolet radiation on regrowth control of microorganism in urban sewage effluent. J. Env. Sci. Tech. 2020; 22(7): 287-300. (In Persian)
Betesho R, Ghotbikohan K, Nabardi F, Rafiee R. A Study on the Effect of Gamma Rays on Reducing the Burden of Some Pathogens in Sewage Sludge. J. of Nucl Sci. and Tech. 2017; 37(4): 24-33. (In Persian)
Conceptual study of technology transfer and case study of the implementation of this process in the Surge Arrester system, Pardis Technology Park, No. 22. (In Persian)
