بررسی پویایی زمانی و مکانی پوشش اراضی تالاب پريشان با استفاده از مدل درخت تصمیم و پردازش تصاوير ماهواره¬اي
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستگل آفرین زارع 1 , بهرام ملک محمدی 2 , حمیدرضا جعفری 3 , احمدرضا یاوری 4 , احمد نوحه گر 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست ، دانشکده محیط‌زیست دانشگاه تهران.
2 - دانشیار دانشکده محیط‌زیست دانشگاه تهران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استاد دانشکده محیط‌زیست دانشگاه تهران.
4 - استاد دانشکده محیط‌زیست دانشگاه تهران.
5 - استاد دانشکده محیط‌زیست دانشگاه تهران.
کلید واژه: تصاویر ماهواره¬ای, پوشش اراضی, روش درخت تصمیم, تالاب پریشان.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تالاب‌ها به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین انواع اکوسیستم‌های جهان به شدت در حال تهدید می‌باشند. تالاب پریشان علاوه بر اینکه جزء مناطق حفاظت‌شده ایران قرار دارد بلکه به عنوان تالاب بین‌المللی و نیز ذخیره‌گاه زیست‌کره نیز شناخته شده است. درک روند تغییرات این تالاب می‌تواند برای بهبود وضعیت آتی آن بسیار مفید باشد. از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر پايش تغييرات پهنه آبی تالاب پريشان در بازه زمانی 30 ساله می‌باشد. روش بررسی: در راستای هدف تحقیق تصاوير ماهواره¬ لندست براي چهار دوره زماني 13۶۶، 1377، 13۸۶ و ۱۳۹۵ به همراه سایر داده‌های مورد نیاز تهیه گرديد. با انجام پردازش‌های مورد نیاز در نرم¬افزار ENVI 4.7، نقشه¬هاي پوشش اراضي تالاب پریشان با بهره‌گیری از شاخص تفاضلي نرمال شده پوشش گياهي و شاخص تفاضلي نرمال شده آب در قالب روش درخت تصمیم در سه طبقه پهنه آبی، پوشش گیاهی و سایر اراضی استخراج شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در بازه بلندمدت سی‌ساله (۱۹۸۷ تا ۲۰۱۶) از مساحت ۱۹۶۳ هکتاری پهنه آبی تالاب پریشان تنها ۱۳ هکتار در انتهای بازه باقیمانده است. پایش تغییرات نشان می‌دهد که پهنه آبی تالاب پریشان نسبت به سال 1366 حدود 1950، نسب به سال 1377 حدود 3605 و نسب به سال 1386 حدود 2272 هکتار کاهش مساحت داشته است. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره‌ای و تکنیک‌های سنجش از راه دور به همراه مدل طبقه‌بندی درخت تصمیم حاکی از قابلیت روش مورد استفاده برای شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی پوشش اراضی در محدوده‌های تالابی که پوشش گیاهی و آب درهم تنیده‌اند، می‌باشد.
Background and Objective: Wetlands, as one of the most important types of ecosystems in the world, are extremely threatened. In addition to being part of Iran's protected areas, the Parishan wetland is also known as an international wetland and biosphere reserve. Understanding the process of changing in this wetland, can be very helpful in improving its future status. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to monitor the changes in the over a 30-year period. Material and Methodology: For the purpose of the research, Landsat satellite images were prepared for four time periods of 1987, 1998, 2007 and 2016 along with other required data. By performing the required preprocessing in ENVI 4.7 software, Parishan wetland land-cover maps was extracted using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index combining with Decision Tree method in three class including water-body, vegetation and others land-cover. Findings: The results showed that after 30 years only 13 hectares of 1963 hectares of Parishan wetland water-body remained. Monitoring of changes shows that Parishan wetland water-body has decreased by 1950 hectare in comparison to 1987, 3605 hectare in comparison to 1998 and 2272 hectare in comparison to 2007. Discussion and Conclusion: using satellite data and remote sensing techniques along with Decision Tree classification model indicate the capability of this method for identifying and classifying land-cover in wetland areas where vegetation and water are intertwined.
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