تغییرات گروه‌های عملکردی گیاهان در اثر آتش‌سوزی در مراتع نیمه استپی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

الهام بنی هاشمی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی مرتع دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
علی اصغر نقی پوربرج ² (استادیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/11/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/03/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/05/01

کلید واژه: صفات عملکردی گیاهی, مرتع نیمه استپی, کرسنک, آتش‌سوزی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: درک چگونگی پاسخ گیاهان به آتش‌سوزی برای پیش‌بینی ویژگی‌ها و پراکنش بسیاری از زیست بوم‌ها ضروری است. هدف این تحقیق شناسایی، طبقه‌بندی و تجزیه و تحلیل صفات عملکردی گیاهان است که بتوانند به عنوان وسیله‌ای برای شناسایی تغییرات جوامع گیاهی در اثر آتش‌سوزی در فواصل زمانی مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر در منطقه کرسنک در شهرستان بن و در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام یافته است. تعداد 6 سایت با سابقه آتش‌سوزی یک‌ساله و پنج ساله انتخاب و نمونه‌برداری به روش تصادفی طبقه بندی شده انجام یافت. در هر پلات پس از شناسایی گونه‌های موجود، درصد پوشش هریک از گونه‌ها تخمین زده شد و صفات گیاهی اندازه‌گیری شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که صفات گیاهی همچون ارتفاع گیاه، تولید، شاخص سطح برگ SLA، مساحت و وزن خشک برگ، درصد ترکیب گونه‌های گندمی، علفی و بوته‌ای، درصد ترکیب گیاهان با خوشخوراکی کلاس II و III، درصد ترکیب گونه‌های با اشکال زیستی همی‌کریپتوفیت و کامفیت در دو منطقه آتش‌سوزی و شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری داشتند (05/0Sig ≤). طبق نتایج تحلیل مولفه های اصلی، تأثیرپذیرترین صفات به ترتیب عبارت از شاخص سطح برگ SLA، خوشخوراکی کلاس II، طول برگ، درصد ترکیب همی‌کریپتوفیت، درصد ترکیب پهن‌برگان علفی و مساحت برگ بودند که ارتباط مستقیمی با آتش‌سوزی پنج‌ساله و آتش‌سوزی یک‌ساله داشتند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود که صفات گیاهی نقش مهمی در تعیین پاسخ گونه‌های گیاهی به آشفتگی‌های محیطی دارند و از این رو می‌توانند بر سیر توالی ثانویه مرتع نیمه استپی پس از آتش‌سوزی تأثیرگذار باشند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Understanding of how plants respond to a fire is essential to predict the characteristics and distribution of many ecosystems. This research is aimed at identifying, classifying and analyzing plant functional traits that can be used as a means for determining changes in plant communities through the fire at various time intervals. Method: The present study was conducted in the Karsanak region in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. Six sites with one and five years after the last fire were selected. A stratified random sampling was used. In each plot, after identifying the existing species, the percentage of the cover of each species was estimated and the plant characteristics were measured. Findings: The results showed that vegetative traits such as plant height, production, SLA leaf area index, leaf area and leaf dry weight, composition of Gramineae species, herbaceous plants and shrub, the percentage of plants with class of II and III palatability, percentage of species composition with form of Hemicryptophyte and chamaephyte had a significant difference in fire and control areas. According to Principal Component Analysis, the most effective of trait were SLA leaf area index, palatability of class II, the leaf length, Hemicryptophytes, forbs and long of the leaf which had a direct relationship with five-year fire and one year fire. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that plant traits play an important role in determining the response of plant species to environmental disturbances and hence can influence the process of the post-fire rangeland secondary sequence.  

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