بررسی جوامع بزرگ بی‌مهرگان آبزی بر اساس شاخص‌های زیستی در رودخانه زرین گل، استان گلستان
محورهای موضوعی : تنوع زیستیمحمد قلی زاده 1 , محمد هادی پاکروان 2
1 - استادیار، گروه شیلات، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گلستان، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - کارشناسی بوم شناسی، رشته شیلات، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس،گلستان، ایران.
کلید واژه: رودخانه زرین گل, ارزیابی زیستی, جوامع بزرگ بی مهرگان آبزی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در سال‌های اخیر احداث مزارع پرورش ماهیان سرد آبی در کنار رودخانه‌ها افزایش یافته و تخلیه پساب این مزارع بدون هیچ تصفیه‌ایی به زیستگاه‌های طبیعی می تواند آثار سو و مخربی به دنبال داشته باشد. از جمله مهم‌ترین جوامع حیاتی رودخانه‌ها، بزرگ بی‌مهرگان می‌باشند که قادرند به عنوان یک شاخص زیستی تغییرات کیفیت آب را نشان دهند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر پساب تصفیه نشده مزارع پرورش ماهی بر روی بزرگ بی‌مهرگان کف زی نهر زرین گل می باشد.روش بررسی: در مطالعه حاضر کیفیت آب با استفاده از شاخص‌های زیستی در رودخانه زرین گل، استان گلستان در فصل زمستان 1394 و بهار 1395 در 4 ایستگاه و ماهیانه (در موقعیت‌های ورودی، خروجی و 500 و 1000 متر پایین‌دست مزرعه پرورش ماهی) با نمونه‌برداری با سوربرسمپلر سطح 09/0 مترمربع در سه تکرار صورت گرفت. نمونه‌ها توسط فرمالین 4% تثبیت و در آزمایشگاه جداسازی، شناسایی و شمارش گردید.یافته‌ها: افزایش فعالیت‌های انسانی از جمله وجود مزارع پرورش ماهی در این منطقه می‌تواند موجب آلودگی آب‌های سطحی این رودخانه شده است. در مجموع 2179 نمونه از بزرگ بی‌مهرگان کف زی شناسایی شدند که به 35 جنس، 28 خانواده و 9 راسته تعلق داشتند. فراوانی این موجودات به ترتیب مربوط به راسته Diptera با 9/46 درصد، Ephemeroptera با 7/27 درصد، Trichoptera با 9/16 درصد و Lmbricida با 31/2 درصد و بقیه 19/6 درصد بوده است.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های شانون، تشابه توزیع، TBI، IBI و IRWQISC نشانگر مناسب بودن برای ارزیابی کیفت آب در ایستگاه‌های مطالعاتی می‌باشد. به طور کلی، کیفیت آب در محدوده مطالعاتی به جز ایستگاه 2 (بعد استخر پرورش ماهی) بر اساس شاخص‌های محاسباتی مطلوب ارزیابی گردید که بیانگر لزوم اعمال مدیریتی مناسب به منظور بهبود کیفیت آب این منطقه می‌باشد.
Background and Objective: Due to increasing population and demand for aquatic products and protein, in recent years the construction of fish farms, especially cold-water fish farms along the rivers has increased, and the effluent discharge of these farms without any treatment to the natural habitats of adverse and destructive effects. Eating the natural balance of the water will help the ecosystems. Among the most important communities of rivers and streams are large invertebrates. These organisms are able to represent water quality changes as a biological indicator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of untreated effluent of fish farms on large invertebrates of Zarrin Ghee brook, because the inflow of these effluents into streams and rivers affects the structure and composition of streams, causing disruption of ecological balance. Method: In the present study large biodiversity of aquatic invertebrates as well as water quality using biomarkers in Zarrin River, Golestan province in winter 2015 and spring 1395 m2 at 4 stations and monthly (at entry, exit and 500 and 1000 m downstream farm) Fish breeding) was done by sampling with a Surface bumper level of 0.09 m 2 in three replications. Samples were fixed with 4% formalin and isolated, counted and counted in the laboratory. Findings: Increased human activities, including the presence of fish farms in the area, can contaminate the surface water of the river. A total of 2179 specimens of large benthic invertebrates were identified, belonging to 35 genera, 28 families and 9 orders. Frequency of these organisms, were respectively Diptera with 46.9%, Ephemeroptera with 27.7%, Trichoptera with 16.9% and Lmbricida with 2.31% and the rest with 6.19%. Discussion and Conclusion: The result sowed that Shannon diversity, Evenness, TBI, IBI and IRWQISC were good indicators for water quality assessment in the study stations. In general, water quality in study area except station 2 (after fish farm) was desirable that the necessity of efficient water management to improve water quality in this region.
- Mikaaili, A. R., Abdoli, A., Amini N., 2005. Physical Structure of Madreso Creek, Golestan National Park. Journal of Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Vol 12 (3), pp. 245-223. (In Persian)
- Costa Pierce, B. A., 2002. Ecological Aquaculture: The evolution of the blue revolution. Dept. of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science. University of Rholde Island. 501 P.
- Resh, V. H., 2011. Aquatic Insects of California (1956): a landmark event and unique collaboration in benthic biology. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, Vol.30, pp.1-10.
- Sioli, H., 1975. Tropical rivers as expressions of their terrestrial environments. In: Golley, F.B., Medina, E. (Eds.). Tropical Ecological Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 275-288.
- Sharma, S., Moog, O., 1996. The use of Biotic index and score methods in biological water quality assessment of the Nepalese rivers; Proceedings of the Ecohydrology Conference held in ICIMOD, pp. 1-28.
- Blanchet, H., Lavesque, N., Ruellet, T., Dauvin, J.C., Sauriau, P.G., Desroy, N., De Montaudouin, X., 2008. Use of biotic indices in semi-enclosed coastal ecosystems and transitional waters habitats implications for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Ecological Indicators, Vol.8, pp. 360-372.
- Schultz, R., Dibble, E., 2012. Effects of invasive macrophytes on freshwater fish and macroinvertebrate communities: the role of invasive plant traits. Hydrobiologia, Vol.684, pp.1-14.
- Cooper, C.M., 1987. Benthos in Bear Creek, Mississippi: Effects of habitat variation and agricultural sediments. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, Vol.4, pp. 101-113.
- Mousavi, M. 2010. Investigation of the After Effects of Trout Fish Farming on the Water Quality of Two Thousand Tonkabon Rivers Based on Vafzian River Studies, MSc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. (In Persian)
- Mirsouli, E., Nezami, S., Khara, H., Ghorbani, R. 2012. Effect of Rainbow Trout Wastewater on the Large Benthic Invertebrates of Zarrin Gol River. Journal of Aquaculture Development. Vol.6 (4). pp. 81-92. (In Persian)
- Naderi Jollodar, Mehdi ؛ Abdoli, Asghar ؛ Mirza Khani, M. Sharifi Jollodar, Reza, "Large Response of Haraz River Benthic Invertebrates to Rainbow Trout Wastewater". Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, Vol. 64 (1). pp. 259-215. (In Persian)
- Afshin, Y. 1985. Iranian Rivers, Ministry of Energy Publications, 575 p. (In Persian)
- Ministry of Energy. 1991. Studies of the First Phase of the Restricted Artificial Feeding Plan of the Zarmul Garmabdasht River (Volume Two) Hydrological Studies. 68 p. (In Persian)
- Kabi, B., Ghaemi, R. A., Abdoli, A. 2000. Wetland and River Ecosystems of Golestan Province. Golestan Environmental Protection Agency. 218 pp. (In Persian)
- Barbour, M.T., Plafkin, J.L., Bardley, B.P., Graves, C.G, Wisseman, R.W., 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols foruse in streams and wadeable river: pryphyton, benthic invertebrates and fish, 2 nd edition EPA, Wshington D.C, 408 p.
- Ahmadi, M. R., Nafisi, M. 2001 "Identification of invertebrate invertebrates of running water". Khabir Publications, 240 p. (In Persian)
- Mahboubi Sufiani, N., Naderi, G. 2000. The Key to Identifying the Invertebrates of Rivers and Rivers. Isfahan University of Technology Jihad Publications, 131 p. (In Persian)
- Hartmann, A., 2007. Field key for selected benthic invertebrates from the HKN region. Draft version February 2007.
- Huggins, D.G., Moffett, M.F., 1988. Proposed biotic and habitat indices for use in Kansas streams. Lawrence: Report No. 35, Kansas Biological Survey.
- Ghane, S. S. 2004. Identifying the population structure of Chafrood River macrobenthos in Gilan province regarding some water quality parameters (in the scope of or man Malal village); M.S Thesis; Teacher Training University; 98 p. (In Persian)
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- Hynes, H.B.N., 1970. The ecology of running water. University of Toronto Press, Canada. 555 p.
- Yokoyama, H., Nishimura, A., Inoue, M., 2007. Macro benthos as biological indicators to assess the influence of aquaculture on Japanese coastal environment. In: Ecological and Genetic Implication of Aquaculture Activities. Springer Publications, New York City, New York, USA. pp. 407-423.
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- Julio, A., Camargo, C., Gonzalo, C, 2007. Physicochemical and biological changes downstream from a trout farm outlet: Comparing 1986 and 2006 sampling surveys. Limnetica, 26 (2): 405- 414.
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- Mikaaili, A. R., Abdoli, A., Amini N., 2005. Physical Structure of Madreso Creek, Golestan National Park. Journal of Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Vol 12 (3), pp. 245-223. (In Persian)
- Costa Pierce, B. A., 2002. Ecological Aquaculture: The evolution of the blue revolution. Dept. of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science. University of Rholde Island. 501 P.
- Resh, V. H., 2011. Aquatic Insects of California (1956): a landmark event and unique collaboration in benthic biology. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, Vol.30, pp.1-10.
- Sioli, H., 1975. Tropical rivers as expressions of their terrestrial environments. In: Golley, F.B., Medina, E. (Eds.). Tropical Ecological Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 275-288.
- Sharma, S., Moog, O., 1996. The use of Biotic index and score methods in biological water quality assessment of the Nepalese rivers; Proceedings of the Ecohydrology Conference held in ICIMOD, pp. 1-28.
- Blanchet, H., Lavesque, N., Ruellet, T., Dauvin, J.C., Sauriau, P.G., Desroy, N., De Montaudouin, X., 2008. Use of biotic indices in semi-enclosed coastal ecosystems and transitional waters habitats implications for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Ecological Indicators, Vol.8, pp. 360-372.
- Schultz, R., Dibble, E., 2012. Effects of invasive macrophytes on freshwater fish and macroinvertebrate communities: the role of invasive plant traits. Hydrobiologia, Vol.684, pp.1-14.
- Cooper, C.M., 1987. Benthos in Bear Creek, Mississippi: Effects of habitat variation and agricultural sediments. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, Vol.4, pp. 101-113.
- Mousavi, M. 2010. Investigation of the After Effects of Trout Fish Farming on the Water Quality of Two Thousand Tonkabon Rivers Based on Vafzian River Studies, MSc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. (In Persian)
- Mirsouli, E., Nezami, S., Khara, H., Ghorbani, R. 2012. Effect of Rainbow Trout Wastewater on the Large Benthic Invertebrates of Zarrin Gol River. Journal of Aquaculture Development. Vol.6 (4). pp. 81-92. (In Persian)
- Naderi Jollodar, Mehdi ؛ Abdoli, Asghar ؛ Mirza Khani, M. Sharifi Jollodar, Reza, "Large Response of Haraz River Benthic Invertebrates to Rainbow Trout Wastewater". Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, Vol. 64 (1). pp. 259-215. (In Persian)
- Afshin, Y. 1985. Iranian Rivers, Ministry of Energy Publications, 575 p. (In Persian)
- Ministry of Energy. 1991. Studies of the First Phase of the Restricted Artificial Feeding Plan of the Zarmul Garmabdasht River (Volume Two) Hydrological Studies. 68 p. (In Persian)
- Kabi, B., Ghaemi, R. A., Abdoli, A. 2000. Wetland and River Ecosystems of Golestan Province. Golestan Environmental Protection Agency. 218 pp. (In Persian)
- Barbour, M.T., Plafkin, J.L., Bardley, B.P., Graves, C.G, Wisseman, R.W., 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols foruse in streams and wadeable river: pryphyton, benthic invertebrates and fish, 2 nd edition EPA, Wshington D.C, 408 p.
- Ahmadi, M. R., Nafisi, M. 2001 "Identification of invertebrate invertebrates of running water". Khabir Publications, 240 p. (In Persian)
- Mahboubi Sufiani, N., Naderi, G. 2000. The Key to Identifying the Invertebrates of Rivers and Rivers. Isfahan University of Technology Jihad Publications, 131 p. (In Persian)
- Hartmann, A., 2007. Field key for selected benthic invertebrates from the HKN region. Draft version February 2007.
- Huggins, D.G., Moffett, M.F., 1988. Proposed biotic and habitat indices for use in Kansas streams. Lawrence: Report No. 35, Kansas Biological Survey.
- Ghane, S. S. 2004. Identifying the population structure of Chafrood River macrobenthos in Gilan province regarding some water quality parameters (in the scope of or man Malal village); M.S Thesis; Teacher Training University; 98 p. (In Persian)
- Bode, R.W., Novakk, M.A., Abele, L.E., Heitzman, D.L., Smith, and A.J., 2002. Quality assurance work plan for Biological stream monitoring in New York State. Stram Biomonitoring unit, New York State, Department of Environmental conservation. Albany. 122 p.
- Camargo, J.A., Gonzalo, C., Alonso, A., 2011. Assessing trout farm pollution by biological metrics and indices based on aquatic macrophytes and benthic macro invertebrates: a case study. Ecology Indicators. 11: 911-917.
- Hynes, H.B.N., 1970. The ecology of running water. University of Toronto Press, Canada. 555 p.
- Yokoyama, H., Nishimura, A., Inoue, M., 2007. Macro benthos as biological indicators to assess the influence of aquaculture on Japanese coastal environment. In: Ecological and Genetic Implication of Aquaculture Activities. Springer Publications, New York City, New York, USA. pp. 407-423.
- Ortize, J. D., Puig, M. A., 2007. Point source effects on density, biomass and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate in a meditaranean stream, river Res.Applic.23:155-170.
- Julio, A., Camargo, C., Gonzalo, C, 2007. Physicochemical and biological changes downstream from a trout farm outlet: Comparing 1986 and 2006 sampling surveys. Limnetica, 26 (2): 405- 414.