ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی به منظور توسعه جنگل با استفاده از AHP (مطالعه موردی، حوزه آبخیز ارنگه، استان البرز)

محورهای موضوعی : آمایش سرزمین

شادی شریفیان ¹ , محمد رضوانی ² , فرحناز رشیدی ³

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست - ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشگاه پیام نور، واحد تهران شرق، تهران، ایران*(مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - دانشیار محیط زیست دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/02/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/04/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01

کلید واژه: ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک, جنگل, حوزه آبخیز ارنگه, سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی, تحلیل سلسله مراتبی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به روند تخریب جنگل‌های طبیعی، افزایش جمعیت انسانی و نیاز روز افزون به خدمات اکوسیستمی، توسعه جنگل و جنگل‌کاری امری اجتناب ناپذیر خواهد بود. در همین راستا، قبل از هر گونه اجرای پروژه جنگل‌کاری می‌بایست مکانیابی مناطق مستعد و ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی منطقه مد نظر قرار گیرد. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک حوزه آبخیز ارنگه واقع در استان البرز و مکانیابی عرصه‌های مناسب برای جنگل‌کاری صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: با توجه به هدف تحقیق، به‌ منظور ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی، معیارهای محیط‌زیستی اثر گذار شامل عوامل فیزیکی (فیزیوگرافی، اقلیم و خاک) و عوامل زیستی (پوشش گیاهی) شناسایی شدند. سپس، گردآوری اطلاعات منطقه شامل گزارشات و داده‌ها و همچنین تولید نقشه‌ها صورت پذیرفت. در مرحله بعد با رویهم‌گذاری و تلفیق لایه‌های اطلاعاتی، واحدهای همگن تولید شدند. با استفاده از منطق بولین، اراضی با محدودیت مطلق و دائمی از روند ارزیابی حذف شدند و در نهایت 108 واحد بدون محدودیت جهت ارزیابی شناسایی گردید. در ادامه وزن شاخص‌های اصلی با استفاده از روش AHP (مقایسات زوجی) و نظرات کارشناسی تعیین شدند. ارزش‌های کیفی شاخص‌های اصلی با استفاده از روش مقیاس دو قطبی فاصله‌ای به مقیاس کمی تبدیل شده و سپس ارزش نهایی هر واحد همگن توسط روش SAW محاسبه گردید. یافته‌ها: در این تحقیق، قابلیت‌های اراضی برای جنگل‌کاری در سه طبقه عالی به مساحت 5/9 هکتار، خوب به مساحت 9/1015 هکتار و متوسط به مساحت 5/578 هکتار تعیین شد و در نهایت، نقشه توان اکولوژیک برای توسعه جنگل تولید گردید. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: می‌توان به این نتیجه رسید که در 15% از عرصه قابلیت توسعه‌ی جنگل‌کاری وجود دارد که در این مناطق توان اکولوژیکی شرایط نسبتاً مناسبی دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Due to the natural forests degradation rate, increasing human population and increasing need to ecosystem services, forest development and afforestation process will be unavoidable. In this respect, before any implementation of afforestation project, site selection of suitable areas and evaluation of ecological potential should be considered. This research has been done with the aim of evaluating the ecological potential of Arangeh watershed located in Alborz province and locating suitable areas for afforestation.  Methods: According to the purpose of the study, in order to evaluate the ecological potential, effective environmental criteria including physical factors (physiography, climate and soil) and biological factors (vegetation) were identified. Then, area information was collected, including reports and data, as well as maps were produced. In the next step, by stacking and combining the information layers, homogeneous units were produced. Using Boolean logic, lands with absolute and permanent constraints were removed from the evaluation process and finally 108 unrestricted units were identified for evaluation. Then, the weights of the main indicators were determined using the AHP method (pairwise comparisons) and expert opinions. Qualitative values ​​The main indices were converted to quantitative scale using the bipolar distance method and then the final value of each homogeneous unit was calculated by the SAW method. Results: In this study, land potentials for afforestation in three categories including: excellent (9/5 ha), good (1015/9 ha), and average (578/5 ha) were determined and finally an ecological potential map for the development of forest was produced. Discussion & conclusion: It can be concluded that, in 15% of the area, there is potential for afforestation, that ecological potential has relatively suitable conditions in these areas.

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