بررسی روند تغییرات پوشش اراضی با استفاده از تکنیک سنجش از دور (مطالعه موردی، تحت واحد کتالان)
محورهای موضوعی : آمایش سرزمین
مریم ناظمی جلال
1
(دانش آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست (ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین)، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. )
مرضیه علی خواه اصل
2
(استادیار، گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ايران.)
الهام فروتن
3
(استادیار، گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: کتالان, سنجش از دور, طبقه¬بندی نظارت¬شده, پوشش اراضی.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: استفاده و مدیریت بهینه یک سرزمین نیازمند اطلاعات بهنگام و درست می¬باشد. یکی از مهمترین منابع اطلاعاتی در مدیریت منابع طبیعی، نقشه¬های پوشش اراضی است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تهیه نقشه¬های پوشش اراضی منطقه کتالان برای بررسی تغییرات صورت گرفته طی 12 سال گذشته می¬باشد. روش بررسی: در انجام این تحقیق داده¬های ماهواره لندست سنجنده OLI سال 2013 و سنجنده ETM سال 2001 به¬کارگرفته شد و پس از انجام تصحیحات لازم بر روی تصاویر، از GPS و نقشه¬های توپوگرافی به منظور بازدید صحرایی منطقه و برداشت نقاط تعلیمی، استفاده شده ¬است. نقشه¬های پوشش اراضی با استفاده از روش¬ طبقه¬بندی نظارت¬شده با الگوریتم حداکثر احتمال تهیه گردید. یافته¬ها: بر اساس نتایج به¬دست آمده، منطقه مورد مطالعه دارای 6 طبقه شامل: اراضی زراعی آبی، اراضی زراعی دیم، اراضی زراعی رها شده، رخنمون سنگی، مرتع و معدن می¬باشد. دقت کلی و ضریب کاپا برای نقشه پوشش اراضی سال 2013، به ترتیب برابر 11/86% و 82/0و برای سال 2001 به ترتیب برابر با 26/78% و 71/0 به¬دست آمد. بحث و نتیجه¬گیری: نتایج تحقیق نشان می¬دهد که اراضی زراعی آبي، اراضی رها شده و طبقه مرتع از سال 2001 نسبت به سال 2013 به ترتیب 84/1 % و 29/1 % و 21/1% افزایش سطح داشته¬¬است و کلاس اراضی زراعی دیم و برو¬¬ن¬زد سنگی به ترتیب 09/5 % و 62/0% کاهش یافته¬است. همچنین طبقه معدن در سال 2001 وجود نداشته و در سال 2013، 3939/49هکتار معادل 36/1 درصد از مساحت منطقه را به خود اختصاص داده¬¬است.
Background and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013.
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