تجزیه نوری و حذف مالاشیت گرین از آب با استفاده از نانو فتوکاتالیست دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم
محورهای موضوعی :
سم شناسی زیست محیطی
مهدی بنایی
1
,
امیر زیدی
2
,
مریم رضایی
3
1 - استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیا (ص) بهبهان، ایران
2 - کارشناسی ارشد آلودگی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیا (ص) بهبهان، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیا (ص) بهبهان، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/21
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/10/29
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/10/01
کلید واژه:
مالاشیت گرین,
فتوکاتالیست,
ماوراءبنفش,
تجزیه نوری,
دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مالاشیت گرین به‌طور گسترده به‌عنوان یک قارچ کش، باکتری کش و انگل کش در صنعت آبزی پروری استفاده می شود. این ترکیب همچنین به‌عنوان یک عامل رنگ غذایی، افزودنی های غذایی، مواد ضدعفونی‌کننده پزشکی، و همچنین به‌عنوان یک رنگ در صنایع ابریشم، پشم، کنف، چرم، پنبه، کاغذ، و آکریلیک استفاده می‌شود. ازاین‌رو، حذف مالاشیت گرین از پساب سیستم های پرورش ماهی و صنایع نساجی، کاغذسازی و آکریلیک، به‌منظور پیشگیری از تأثیر نامطلوب آن بر ارگانیسم های آبزی ضروری است. در این مطالعه، تجزیه مالاشیت گرین با استفاده از نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم تحت شرایط نوری UV بررسی شد.
روش بررسی: به این منظور، تأثیر پارامترهایی ازجمله غلظت های مختلف مالاشیت گرین (5/3، 7 و 14 میلی گرم بر لیتر)، غلظت نانوکاتالیست (30/1، 60/2 و 20/5 میلی گرم) و pH های مختلف (5، 7 و 9) در شرایط ثابت دمایی 25 درجه سانتی گراد و شدت نور UV ثابت (12 وات، 230 ولت و فرکانس 50 هرتز) در طی 180 دقیقه موردمطالعه قرار گرفت.
یافته ها: بهترین نرخ تجزیه نوری مالاشیت گرین، در غلظت 5/3 میلی گرم بر لیتر مالاشیت گرین، 9: pH و 60/2 میلی گرم نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم مشاهده شد. اگرچه با افزایش نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم رانده‌مان و نرخ حذف مالاشیت گرین افزایش یافت، اما افزایش بیش تر فتوکاتالیست تأثیری در افزایش رانده‌مان تجزیه نوری ندارد. افزایش pH (9) ممکن است از طریق افزایش تولید رادیکال های آزاد بیش تر نرخ حذف مالاشیت گرین افزایش یافت. افزایش غلظت اولیه مالاشیت گرین سبب کاهش رانده‌مان و نرخ حذف مالاشیت گرین گردید.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: ازاین‌رو تجزیه نوری مالاشیت گرین در حضور نانو فتوکاتالیست دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم تابعی از pH، غلظت اولیه مالاشیت گرین و غلظت نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Malachite greenis an extensively used biocide in the aquaculture industry, and is highly effective against important protozoal and fungal infections. It is also used as a food coloring agent, food additive, and medical disinfectant as well as a dye in the silk, wool, jute, leather, cotton, paper, and acrylic industries. Therefore, the elimination of malachite green in wastewater of aquaculture and textile, paper and acrylic industries is essential in order to prevent its adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, degradation of malachite green with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) under UV light was investigated.
Method: For this reason, the effects of parameters such as different concentrations of malachite green (3.5, 7 and 14 mg L-1) and the Nano-catalyst concentrations (1.30, 2.60, and 5.20 mg) in constant temperature (25°C) and constant UV intensity (12 W, 230 V, 50 Hz) during 180 minutes were studied.
Findings: The best degradation rate of malachite green was found in the concentration of 3.5 mg L-1 malachite green, pH: 9, and 2.60 mg of TiO2 NPs. Although with an increase in titanium dioxide nanoparticles the efficiency and removal rate of malachite green increased, the increase in the photo catalyst had no effects on increasing the efficiency of photo degradation. An increase in pH (9) may improve the removal rate of malachite green through increasing free radicals. An increase in the initial concentration of malachite green decreased the efficiency and removal rate of malachite green.
Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, the photo degradation of malachite green in the presence of TiO2 NPs photo catalyst could be a function of pH, the initial concentration of malachite green and concentration of TiO2 NPs.
منابع و مأخذ:
Singh, G., Koerner, T., Gelinas, J. M., Abbott, M., Brady, B., Huet, A. C., Charlier, C., Delahaut, P., and Godeffroy, S. B., 2011. Design and characterization of a direct ELISA for the detection and quantification of leucomalachite green. Food Additives and Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analalysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment. 28(6): 731-739.
Bilandžić, N., Varenina, I., Kolanović, B. S., Oraićb, D., and Zrnčić, S., 2012. Malachite green residues in farmed fish in Croatia. Food Control: 26(2): 393–396.
Hashimoto, J. C., Paschoal, J. A., Queiroz, S. C., Ferracini, V. L., Assalin, M. R., and Reyes, F. G., 2012. A Simple method for the determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green residues in fish by a modified QuEChERS extraction and LC/MS/MS. Journal of AOAC International. 95(3): 913-922.
Parshetti, G., Kalme, S., Sartale, G., and Govindwar, S., 2006. Biodegradation of malachite green by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. Journal of Acta Chimica Slovenica. 53: 492-498.
Pourreza, N., and Elhami, S., 2007. Spectrophtometric determination of malachite green in fish farming water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 596(1), pp. 62-65.
Khodabakhshi, A., and Amin, M. M., 2012. Determination of malachite green in trout tissue and effluent water from fish farms. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 1: 51-56.
Fallah, A. A., and Barani, A., 2014. Determination of malachite green residues in farmed rainbow trout in Iran. Food Control. 40: 100-105.
Lee, J. B., Kim, H. Y., Jang, Y. M., Song, J. Y., Woo, S. M., Park, M. S., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. K., and Kim, M., 2010. Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in processed fish products. Food Additives and contaminants: Part A. 27(7): 953-961.
Yong, L., Zhanqi, G., Yuefei, J., Xiaobin, H., Cheng, S., Shaogui, Y., Lianhong, W., Qingeng, W., and Die, F., 2015. Photodegradation of malachite green under simulated and natural irradiation: kinetics, products, and pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 285: 127-136.
Devipriya, S., and Yesodharan, S., 2005. Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide contamination in water. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 86(3): 309-348.
Konstaninou, I. K., and Albanis, T. A., 2003. Photocatalytic transformation of pesticides in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions using artificial and solar light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 42(4): 319-335.
Kabra, K., Chaudhary, R., and Sawhney, R. L., 2004. Treatment of hazardous organic and inorganic compounds through aqueous-phase photocatalysis: A review. Industrial and Engeneering Chemistery Research. 43: 7683-8696.
Chen, C. C., Lu, C. S., and Chung, Y. C., 2007. UV light induced photodegradation of malachite green on TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 141: 520–528.
Rabindranathan, S., Devipriya, S., and Yesodharan, S., 2003. Photocatalytic degradation of phosphamidon on semiconductor oxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 102(2): 217-229.
Arbab, P., Seedi, M., and Fakhraie, H. 2012., Photocatalytic degradation of triethyl phosphate using nano TiO2. Water and Wastewater. 3(83): 103-111.
Zhao, J., Hidaka, H., Takamura, A., Pelizzetti, E., and Serpone, N., 1993. Photodegradation dation of surfactants. 1. Zeta-potential measurements in the photocatalytic oxidation of surfactants in aqueous titania dispersions. Langmuir. 9: 1646–1650.
Li, X., Liu, G., and Zhao, J., 1999. Two competitive primary processes in the photodegradation of cationic triarylmethane dyes under visible irradiation in TiO2 dispersions. New Journal of Chemistry. 23: 1193-1196.
Wu, R. J., Chen, C. C., Chen, M. H., and Lu, C. S., 2009. Titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of terbufos: Parameter study and reaction pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 162(2): 945-953.
Pérez-Estrada, L. A., Aguera, A., Hernando, M. D., Malato, S., and Fernandez-Alba, A., 2008. Photodegradation of malachite green under natural sunlight irradiation: Kinetic and toxicity of the transformation products. Chemosphere. 70: 2068–2075.
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Singh, G., Koerner, T., Gelinas, J. M., Abbott, M., Brady, B., Huet, A. C., Charlier, C., Delahaut, P., and Godeffroy, S. B., 2011. Design and characterization of a direct ELISA for the detection and quantification of leucomalachite green. Food Additives and Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analalysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment. 28(6): 731-739.
Bilandžić, N., Varenina, I., Kolanović, B. S., Oraićb, D., and Zrnčić, S., 2012. Malachite green residues in farmed fish in Croatia. Food Control: 26(2): 393–396.
Hashimoto, J. C., Paschoal, J. A., Queiroz, S. C., Ferracini, V. L., Assalin, M. R., and Reyes, F. G., 2012. A Simple method for the determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green residues in fish by a modified QuEChERS extraction and LC/MS/MS. Journal of AOAC International. 95(3): 913-922.
Parshetti, G., Kalme, S., Sartale, G., and Govindwar, S., 2006. Biodegradation of malachite green by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. Journal of Acta Chimica Slovenica. 53: 492-498.
Pourreza, N., and Elhami, S., 2007. Spectrophtometric determination of malachite green in fish farming water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 596(1), pp. 62-65.
Khodabakhshi, A., and Amin, M. M., 2012. Determination of malachite green in trout tissue and effluent water from fish farms. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 1: 51-56.
Fallah, A. A., and Barani, A., 2014. Determination of malachite green residues in farmed rainbow trout in Iran. Food Control. 40: 100-105.
Lee, J. B., Kim, H. Y., Jang, Y. M., Song, J. Y., Woo, S. M., Park, M. S., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. K., and Kim, M., 2010. Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in processed fish products. Food Additives and contaminants: Part A. 27(7): 953-961.
Yong, L., Zhanqi, G., Yuefei, J., Xiaobin, H., Cheng, S., Shaogui, Y., Lianhong, W., Qingeng, W., and Die, F., 2015. Photodegradation of malachite green under simulated and natural irradiation: kinetics, products, and pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 285: 127-136.
Devipriya, S., and Yesodharan, S., 2005. Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide contamination in water. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 86(3): 309-348.
Konstaninou, I. K., and Albanis, T. A., 2003. Photocatalytic transformation of pesticides in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions using artificial and solar light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 42(4): 319-335.
Kabra, K., Chaudhary, R., and Sawhney, R. L., 2004. Treatment of hazardous organic and inorganic compounds through aqueous-phase photocatalysis: A review. Industrial and Engeneering Chemistery Research. 43: 7683-8696.
Chen, C. C., Lu, C. S., and Chung, Y. C., 2007. UV light induced photodegradation of malachite green on TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 141: 520–528.
Rabindranathan, S., Devipriya, S., and Yesodharan, S., 2003. Photocatalytic degradation of phosphamidon on semiconductor oxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 102(2): 217-229.
Arbab, P., Seedi, M., and Fakhraie, H. 2012., Photocatalytic degradation of triethyl phosphate using nano TiO2. Water and Wastewater. 3(83): 103-111.
Zhao, J., Hidaka, H., Takamura, A., Pelizzetti, E., and Serpone, N., 1993. Photodegradation dation of surfactants. 1. Zeta-potential measurements in the photocatalytic oxidation of surfactants in aqueous titania dispersions. Langmuir. 9: 1646–1650.
Li, X., Liu, G., and Zhao, J., 1999. Two competitive primary processes in the photodegradation of cationic triarylmethane dyes under visible irradiation in TiO2 dispersions. New Journal of Chemistry. 23: 1193-1196.
Wu, R. J., Chen, C. C., Chen, M. H., and Lu, C. S., 2009. Titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of terbufos: Parameter study and reaction pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 162(2): 945-953.
Pérez-Estrada, L. A., Aguera, A., Hernando, M. D., Malato, S., and Fernandez-Alba, A., 2008. Photodegradation of malachite green under natural sunlight irradiation: Kinetic and toxicity of the transformation products. Chemosphere. 70: 2068–2075.
