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Manuscript ID : JEST-1608-2910 (R1) Visit : 211 Page: 42 - 54

10.22034/jest.2019.10834

Article Type: Original Research

Photo Degradation and Removal of Malachite Green from Water, Using Nano Titanium Dioxide Photo Catalyst

Subject Areas : Environmental Toxicology

Mahdi Banaee 1 , Amir Zeidi 2 , Maryam Rezaei 3

1 - Assistant Professor, Aquaculture Department, Natural Resources and Environment Faculty, Behbahan Khatam Al-anbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran (Corresponding Author)
2 - M.Sc, Environmental Pollution, Natural Resources and Environment Faculty, Behbahan Khatam Al-anbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
3 - MSc in Aquaculture, Natural Resources and Environment Faculty, Behbahan Khatam Al-anbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran

Received: 2016-08-11 Accepted : 2017-01-18 Published : 2019-12-22

Keywords: malachite green, UV, Titanium dioxide, photo catalyst, photo degradation,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Malachite greenis an extensively used biocide in the aquaculture industry, and is highly effective against important protozoal and fungal infections. It is also used as a food coloring agent, food additive, and medical disinfectant as well as a dye in the silk, wool, jute, leather, cotton, paper, and acrylic industries. Therefore, the elimination of malachite green in wastewater of aquaculture and textile, paper and acrylic industries is essential in order to prevent its adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, degradation of malachite green with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) under UV light was investigated. Method: For this reason, the effects of parameters such as different concentrations of malachite green (3.5, 7 and 14 mg L-1) and the Nano-catalyst concentrations (1.30, 2.60, and 5.20 mg) in constant temperature (25°C) and constant UV intensity (12 W, 230 V, 50 Hz) during 180 minutes were studied. Findings: The best degradation rate of malachite green was found in the concentration of 3.5 mg L-1 malachite green, pH: 9, and 2.60 mg of TiO2 NPs. Although with an increase in titanium dioxide nanoparticles the efficiency and removal rate of malachite green increased, the increase in the photo catalyst had no effects on increasing the efficiency of photo degradation. An increase in pH (9) may improve the removal rate of malachite green through increasing free radicals. An increase in the initial concentration of malachite green decreased the efficiency and removal rate of malachite green. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, the photo degradation of malachite green in the presence of TiO2 NPs photo catalyst could be a function of pH, the initial concentration of malachite green and concentration of TiO2 NPs.

References:


 

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  1. Singh, G., Koerner, T., Gelinas, J. M., Abbott, M., Brady, B., Huet, A. C., Charlier, C., Delahaut, P., and Godeffroy, S. B.,  2011. Design and characterization of a direct ELISA for the detection and quantification of leucomalachite green. Food Additives and Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analalysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment. 28(6): 731-739.
    2.
  2. Bilandžić, N., Varenina, I., Kolanović, B. S., Oraićb, D., and Zrnčić, S., 2012. Malachite green residues in farmed fish in Croatia. Food Control: 26(2): 393–396.
    3.
  3. Hashimoto, J. C., Paschoal, J. A., Queiroz, S. C., Ferracini, V. L., Assalin, M. R., and Reyes, F. G., 2012. A Simple method for the determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green residues in fish by a modified QuEChERS extraction and LC/MS/MS. Journal of AOAC International. 95(3): 913-922.
    4.
  4. Parshetti, G., Kalme, S., Sartale, G., and Govindwar, S., 2006. Biodegradation of malachite green by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. Journal of Acta Chimica Slovenica. 53: 492-498.
    5.
  5. Pourreza, N., and Elhami, S., 2007. Spectrophtometric determination of malachite green in fish farming water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 596(1), pp. 62-65.
    6.
  6. Khodabakhshi, A., and Amin, M. M., 2012. Determination of malachite green in trout tissue and effluent water from fish farms. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 1: 51-56.
    7.
  7. Fallah, A. A., and Barani, A., 2014. Determination of malachite green residues in farmed rainbow trout in Iran. Food Control. 40: 100-105.
    8.
  8. Lee, J. B., Kim, H. Y., Jang, Y. M., Song, J. Y., Woo, S. M., Park, M. S., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. K., and Kim, M.,  2010. Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in processed fish products. Food Additives and contaminants: Part A. 27(7): 953-961.
    9.
  9. Yong, L., Zhanqi, G., Yuefei, J., Xiaobin, H., Cheng, S., Shaogui, Y., Lianhong, W., Qingeng, W., and Die, F., 2015. Photodegradation of malachite green under simulated and natural irradiation: kinetics, products, and pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 285: 127-136.
    10.
  10. Devipriya, S., and Yesodharan, S., 2005. Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide contamination in water. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 86(3): 309-348.
    11.
  11. Konstaninou, I. K., and Albanis, T. A., 2003. Photocatalytic transformation of pesticides in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions using artificial and solar light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 42(4): 319-335.
    12.
  12. Kabra, K., Chaudhary, R., and Sawhney, R. L., 2004. Treatment of hazardous organic and inorganic compounds through aqueous-phase photocatalysis:  A review. Industrial and Engeneering Chemistery Research. 43: 7683-8696.
    13.
  13. Chen, C. C., Lu, C. S., and Chung, Y. C., 2007. UV light induced photodegradation of malachite green on TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 141: 520–528.
    14.
  14. Rabindranathan, S., Devipriya, S., and Yesodharan, S., 2003. Photocatalytic degradation of phosphamidon on semiconductor oxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 102(2): 217-229.
    15.
  15. Arbab, P., Seedi, M., and Fakhraie, H. 2012., Photocatalytic degradation of triethyl phosphate using nano TiO2. Water and Wastewater. 3(83): 103-111.
    16.
  16. Zhao, J., Hidaka, H., Takamura, A., Pelizzetti, E., and Serpone, N., 1993. Photodegradation dation of surfactants. 1. Zeta-potential measurements in the photocatalytic oxidation of surfactants in aqueous titania dispersions. Langmuir. 9: 1646–1650.
    17.
  17. Li, X., Liu, G., and Zhao, J., 1999. Two competitive primary processes in the photodegradation of cationic triarylmethane dyes under visible irradiation in TiO2 dispersions. New Journal of Chemistry. 23: 1193-1196.
    18.
  18. Wu, R. J., Chen, C. C., Chen, M. H., and Lu, C. S., 2009. Titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of terbufos: Parameter study and reaction pathways. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 162(2): 945-953.
    19.
  19. Pérez-Estrada, L. A., Aguera, A., Hernando, M. D., Malato, S., and Fernandez-Alba, A., 2008. Photodegradation of malachite green under natural sunlight irradiation: Kinetic and toxicity of the transformation products. Chemosphere. 70: 2068–2075.
    20.

 

 

 

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