مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی رفتاری (CBT) با درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) بر کاهش افسردگی و امید به زندگی در سالمندان با سندرم آشیانه خالی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانیمژده سادات حمیدیان 1 , احمد ترابی 2 , سودابه کاویانی چراتی 3 , سهیلا حاجی اسفندیاری 4 , مهسا روحانی اطاقسرا 5
1 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.
2 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری.
3 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.
4 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.
5 - کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.
کلید واژه: افسردگی, سالمندان, امید به زندگی, درمان شناختی رفتاری, درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد, سندرم آشیانه خالی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: ترک خانه توسط فرزندان و احساس کردن ناگهانی جای خالی آنها در خانه منجر به پدید آمدن برخی ناراحتی ها و استرس‌ها در سالمندان می‌گردد که برایشان بسیار وحشت آور است و به آن سندروم آشیانه خالی گفته می‌شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی رفتاری (Cbt) با درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (Act) بر کاهش افسردگی و امید به زندگی در سالمندان با سندرم آشیانه خالی بوده است.روش: روش تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش گردآوری اطلاعات شبه آزمایشی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل سالمندان حاضر در خانه سالمندان پهنه کلای ساری می‌باشند. حجم نمونه آماری این بخش از پژوهش با توجه به ماهیت روش مطالعه 30 نفر بوده است. ابزاراهای پژوهش پرسشنامه افسردگی بک، پرسشنامه امید به زندگی اشنایدر و همکاران، درمان شناختی- رفتاری و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد می‌باشد.یافته ها: مبتنی بر یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر مشخص گردید درمان شناختی رفتاری بر افسردگی سالمندان دچار سندروم آشیانه خالی اثربخش بوده است، درمان شناختی رفتاری بر امید به زندگی سالمندان دچار سندروم آشیانه خالی اثربخش بوده است.، درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر افسردگی سالمندان دچار سندروم آشیانه خالی اثربخش بوده است، درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر امید به زندگی سالمندان دچار سندروم آشیانه خالی اثربخش بوده است.نتیجه گیری: مشخص گردید که درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد نسبت به درمان شناختی رفتاری اثربخش تر بوده است.
Purpose: Children leave home and suddenly feel empty at home leads to some discomfort and stress in the elderly, which is very frightening for them and it is called empty nest syndrome. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Act) on reducing depression and life expectancy in the elderly with empty nest syndrome.Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes the elderly present in the nursing home of Kola area of Sari. The statistical sample size of this part of the study was 30 according to the nature of the study method. The research instruments are Beck Depression Inventory, Schneider et al.'s Life Exam Questionnaire, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy.Findings: Based on the findings of the present study, it was found that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on depression in the elderly with empty nest syndrome. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on life expectancy of the elderly with empty nest syndrome. Empty Nest Syndrome has been effective, treatment based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy of the elderly has been effective Empty Nest Syndrome.Conclusion: It was found that acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Abedi N, Tashk A, Khezri Moghadam N & et al. (2015) The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on death anxiety in the elderly, National Conference on Research and Innovation in Psychology, with a special focus on third wave treatment approaches [Link] [InPersian]
Ahmadi V, Valizadeh H, (2021) The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on quality of life and death anxiety in the elderly, Journal of Aging Psychology, 7(2). [Link] [InPersian]
Alan T. )2021(. An economic analysis of the empty nest syndrome: What the leaving child does matters, Discussion Papers 2021/4, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics. [Link]
Alavizadeh F, Shakarian A. (2017), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Reduce the Symptoms of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women Experiencing Extramarital Relationships (Emotional, Sexual). Psychiatric Nursing. 4 (6): 8-14. [Link] [InPersian]
As’hab P, Keliat B, Wardani I. (2022). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychosocial impact and adherence of MDR-TB patients, Papers from the 7th Virtual Biennial International Nursing Conference Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, / VOL 11 NO 2 [Link]
Asghari N, Madahi M, Maojamnari A. (2020). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBT) on Psychological Symptoms (Depression and Psychological Well-Being) in the Elderly, Journal of Excellence in counseling and Psychology, 4(3) [Link]
Austin Ph, Macdonald J& MacLeod R. (2018). Measuring Spirituality and Religiosity in Clinical Settings: A Scoping Review of Available Instruments Religions, 9(70):1-14. [Link]
Azizi A, Ghasemi S. (2017). Comparison of the effectiveness of three approaches of solution-oriented, cognitive-behavioral and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on depression and quality of life of divorced women. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture, 8 (29): 207-236. [Link] [InPersian]
Bongyoga V, Risnawaty W. (2021). The Description of Family Quality of Life in Parents with Empty-Nest Syndrome, International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021). [Link]
Efert George H, McKay M, Forrest J. (2006). The Key to Anger Relief, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy: A New Approach to Anger. Translated by Mohammad Reza Keramati and Ali Malmir. 2012. First Edition. Tehran: Drop Publishing. [Link] [InPersian]
Ganji H, (2008) General Psychology, Savalan Publications [Link] [InPersian]
Ghamari H, Zahed A, Fathi D, (2016), The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on depression in the bereaved elderly, Quarterly Journal of Nursing, Volume 2, Number 3. [Link] [InPersian]
Golestanifar S, Dasht-e Bozorgi Z, (2016) The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Depression, Psychological Health and Life Expectancy of the Elderly with Non-Clinical Depression, Quarterly Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(3). [Link] [InPersian]
Hoshyar F, Hoshyar J, Shiri K. (2015). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and death anxiety in the elderly of Pasargad, Third Conference of the Third Millennium and Humanities. [Link] [InPersian]
Johnco C, Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. (2016). The Influence of Cognitive Flexibility on Treatment Outcome and Cognitive Restructuring Skill Acquisition During Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults: Results of a Pilot Study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 57: 55-64. [Link]
Kessler RC, Bromet EJ. (2013). The Epidemiology of Depression Across Cultures. Annu Rev Public Health, 34:119-138. [Link]
Khaledian M, Sohrabi A, Asghari A. (2017) Comparison of the effectiveness of two cognitive-behavioral group therapy and group therapy on reducing depression and increasing life expectancy in empty nest syndrome, counseling culture and psychotherapy (counseling culture), 8(29). [Link] [InPersian]
Khezri Moghadam N, Vahidi S, Ashour M. (2015) The effectiveness of existential cognitive group therapy on life expectancy and depression in the elderly living in nursing homes, Elderly Journal, 13(1). [Link] [InPersian]
Liou L, Joe W, Kumar A & et al. (2020). Inequalities in life expectancy: An analysis of 201 countries, 1950–2015. Social Science & Medicine. [Link]
Pourabdol S, Abbasi M, Pirani Z. (2015) Relationship between life expectancy and psychological well-being with quality of life in the elderly, Psychology of Aging, 1(1). [Link] [InPersian]
Robyn D, Walser DW, Garvert E & et al. (2015). “Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Treating Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Veterans”. Behavior Research and Therapy, 74: 5-31. [Link]
Schneider MC, Castillo-Salgado C & et al. (2005). “Summary of indicators most used for the measurement of the health inequalities.” Epidemiol Bull 26(3): 7-10 [Link].
Shirazipour MM, (2021) The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy in reducing rumination and anxiety about the body image of the elderly with depression, Journal of Mental Health Principles, 24(1). [Link] [InPersian]
Sohlberg E M, Thomas IC, Yang J & et al. (2020). Life expectancy estimates for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Veterans Health Administration. In Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations. Elsevier. [Link]
Weathers E. (2018). “Spirituality and Health: A Middle Eastern Perspective”. Religions, 9(33): 17 pages. [Link]
World Health Organization. (2016). Depression. [Link].
Yang X, Pan A, Gong J & et al. (2019). Prospective associations between depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. J Affect Disord. )2020.( 263:692–97. [Link]
Zahid Babalan A. Qasempour A, Hassanzadeh SH, (2011). The role of forgiveness and psychological toughness in predicting hope. [Link] [InPersian]
Zhang C, Xue Y, Zhao H, Zheng X, Zhu R, Du Y, Zheng J, Yang T. (2019). Prevalence and related influencing factors of depressive symptoms among empty-nest elderly in Shanxi, China. J Affect Disor
_||_