ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی ژنوتیپ های گندم نان پاییزه
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیرعنا نادری زرنقی 1 , رضا فتوت 2
1 - گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.
2 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, صفات زراعی, تابع تشخیص, تجزیه ی خوشه ای,
چکیده مقاله :
تنش خشکی عامل اصلی کاهش عملکرد گیاهان در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می باشد. در این مطالعه، گروه بندی تحمل به خشکی 19 ژنوتیپ گندم متعلق به سه گروه حساس، بینابین و متحمل تحت سه شرایط آبیاری (عادی، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید) با استفاده از برخی صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با تحمل به خشکی، از طریق تجزیه ی خوشه ای به روش UPGMA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار پیاده شد و صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر بوته، طول سنبله اصلی، طول ریشک، وزن خشک بوته، عملکرد دانه و محتوی نسبی آب برگ ژنوتیپ ها اندازه گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثر معنی داری بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه، به جز طول ریشک، داشت. تنش خشکی موجب کاهش در اکثر صفات مورد اندازه گیری گردید و بیشترین کاهش در عملکرد دانه دیده شد. تجزیه ی خوشه ای ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه را در هر دو شرایط تنش، در سه گروه قرار داد. به طوری که ژنوتیپ های 15، 13، 12، 16 و 17 در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه میانگین کمتری را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج گروه بندی در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی نشان داد که خوشه بندی گروه دوم و سوم با نتایج برخی از تحقیقات پیشین مطابقت کامل داشته ولی در خوشه اول سه مورد عدم مطابقت با معرفی اولیه دیده شد. لذا، در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی گروه بندی اولیه، به خصوص در مورد اکثر ژنوتیپ های حساس و متحمل، صادق است.
Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors crop production in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, drought tolerance of 19 wheat genotypes were evaluated by using UPGMA cluster analysis. To this end, the effect of drought stress on a number of related agronomic and physiological traits of wheat genotypes, belonging to three groups of sensitive, intermediate and drought tolerant, under three conditions of normal, moderate and severe drought stress were studied. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Traits like plant height, shoot fresh weight, spike length, awn length, shoot dry weight, seed yield and relative water content of genotypes were measured. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of drought on all traits except awn length were significant. Most of the traits were negatively affected by drought stress. Highest reduction was observed in grain yield. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes exposed to drought stresses in to three categories. Genotypes numbering 15, 13, 12, 16 and 17 expirienced low means in all of traits under study. The results also showed that the second and third groups, resulting from cluster analysis, were in agreement with the results of previous researches reported. The first cluster, however, was found to be inconsistent with their initial introduction grouping under severe drought stress conditions. Therefore, the initial grouping was consistent especially in most of sensitive and tolerant genotypes under severe drought stress conditions.
Ahmadi Lahijani, M., and Y. Emam. 2013. Response of wheat genotypes to terminal drought stress using physiological indices. Journal of Crop Production and Proccesing. 3(9): 163-176. (In Persian).
Arduini, I., A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, and M. Mariotti. 2006. Grain yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. European Journal of Agronomy. 25: 309-318.
Dastfal, M., V. Brati, F. Nvabi, and H. Haghighatnia. 2009. Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in dry and warm conditions in south of Fars province. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 25(3): 329-344. (In Persian).
Farahani, A., and A. Arzani. 2006. Genetic variation of F1 hybrid varieties and genotypes of durum wheat using agronomic and morphological traits. Science Technology Agriculture Natural Resources. 10(4): 341-354.
Farahani, E., and A. Arzani. 2009. Evaluation of genetic variation of durum wheat genotypes using multivariate analyses. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1: 51-64.
Faramarzi, M., H. Yang, R. Schulin, and K.C. Abbaspoura. 2010. Modeling wheat yield and crop water productivity in Iran: Implications of agricultural water management for wheat production. Agriculture, Water and Management. 97: 1861–1875.
Hasheminasab, H., M.T., Assad, A. Ali Akbari, and S.R. Sahhafi. 2012. Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Annals of Biological Research. 3: 1719-1725.
Heidari, B., GH.A. Saidi, and B.A.S. Tabatabaie. 2007. Factor analysis for quantitative traits and path-coefficient analysis for grain yield in wheat. Science Technology Agriculture. 42: 135-143.
Kanbar, A., M. Toorchi, T. Motohashi, K. Kondo, and H.E. Shashidhar .2010. Evaluation of discriminant analysis in identification of deep and shallow rooted plants in early segregating generation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using single tiller approach. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4: 3909-3916.
Jiang, J.H., R. Tsenkova, and Y. Ozaki. 2001. Principle discriminant variate method for classification of multicollinear data: Principle and Applications. Analytical Sciences. 17: 471-474.
Mendez, M.A., C. Hodar, C. Vulpe, M. Gonzalez, and V. Cambiazo. 2002. Discriminant analysis to evaluate clustering of gene expression data. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 522: 24-28.
Mohammadi, H., A. Ahmadi, F. Moradi, A. Abbasi, K. Poustini, M. Joudi, and F. Fatehi. 2010. Evaluation of critical traits for improving wheat yield under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Science. 42: 373-385. (In Persian).
Mollasadeghi, V., M. Valizadeh, R. Shahryari, and A.A. Imani .2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance of bread wheat genotypes using stress tolerance indices at presence of potassium humate. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 10 (2): 151-156.
Morant-Manceau, A., E. Pradier, and G. Tremblin. 2004. Osmotic adjustment, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of a hexaploid triticale and its parental species under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161: 25-33.
Munns, R., R.A. James, and A. Lauchli. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57: 1025-1043.
Romesburg, H.C. 1990. Cluster analysis for researchers. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. Florida, USA.
Roostaei, M., R. Mohammadi, and A. Amri. 2014. Rank correlation among different statistical models in ranking of winter wheat genotypes. Crop Journal. 2: 154-163.
Schillinger, W.F. 2005. Tillage method and sowing rate relations for dry land spring wheat, barley, and oat. Crop Science. 45: 2636-2643.
Shahbazpanahi, B. F., Paknejad, D. Habibi, M. Sadeghi Shoaa, M. Nasri, and A. Pazoki. 2012. Evaluation of irrigation regimes on yield and yield componente in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(2): 185-197. (In Persian).
Turkan, I., M. Bor, F. Ozdemir, and H. Koca. 2005. Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the leaves of drought-tolerant P. acutifolius gray and drought-sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science. 168: 223-231.
VanBeuningen, L.T. and R.H. Busch. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: I., Analysis of the coefficient of parentage matrix. Crop Science. 37: 570-579.
Wang, Z.M., A.L. Wei, and D.M. Zheng. 2001. Photosynthetic characteristics of non-leaf organs of winter wheat cultivars differing in ear type and their relationship with grain mass per year. Photosynthesis. 39: 244-239.
Zhang, S.L., V. Sadras, X.P. Chen, and F.S. Zhang. 2013. Water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to soil and crop management. Field Crops Research. 151: 9-18.
Ahmadi Lahijani, M., and Y. Emam. 2013. Response of wheat genotypes to terminal drought stress using physiological indices. Journal of Crop Production and Proccesing. 3(9): 163-176. (In Persian).
Arduini, I., A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, and M. Mariotti. 2006. Grain yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. European Journal of Agronomy. 25: 309-318.
Dastfal, M., V. Brati, F. Nvabi, and H. Haghighatnia. 2009. Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in dry and warm conditions in south of Fars province. Seed and Plant Production Journal. 25(3): 329-344. (In Persian).
Farahani, A., and A. Arzani. 2006. Genetic variation of F1 hybrid varieties and genotypes of durum wheat using agronomic and morphological traits. Science Technology Agriculture Natural Resources. 10(4): 341-354.
Farahani, E., and A. Arzani. 2009. Evaluation of genetic variation of durum wheat genotypes using multivariate analyses. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 1: 51-64.
Faramarzi, M., H. Yang, R. Schulin, and K.C. Abbaspoura. 2010. Modeling wheat yield and crop water productivity in Iran: Implications of agricultural water management for wheat production. Agriculture, Water and Management. 97: 1861–1875.
Hasheminasab, H., M.T., Assad, A. Ali Akbari, and S.R. Sahhafi. 2012. Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Annals of Biological Research. 3: 1719-1725.
Heidari, B., GH.A. Saidi, and B.A.S. Tabatabaie. 2007. Factor analysis for quantitative traits and path-coefficient analysis for grain yield in wheat. Science Technology Agriculture. 42: 135-143.
Kanbar, A., M. Toorchi, T. Motohashi, K. Kondo, and H.E. Shashidhar .2010. Evaluation of discriminant analysis in identification of deep and shallow rooted plants in early segregating generation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using single tiller approach. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4: 3909-3916.
Jiang, J.H., R. Tsenkova, and Y. Ozaki. 2001. Principle discriminant variate method for classification of multicollinear data: Principle and Applications. Analytical Sciences. 17: 471-474.
Mendez, M.A., C. Hodar, C. Vulpe, M. Gonzalez, and V. Cambiazo. 2002. Discriminant analysis to evaluate clustering of gene expression data. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 522: 24-28.
Mohammadi, H., A. Ahmadi, F. Moradi, A. Abbasi, K. Poustini, M. Joudi, and F. Fatehi. 2010. Evaluation of critical traits for improving wheat yield under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Science. 42: 373-385. (In Persian).
Mollasadeghi, V., M. Valizadeh, R. Shahryari, and A.A. Imani .2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance of bread wheat genotypes using stress tolerance indices at presence of potassium humate. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 10 (2): 151-156.
Morant-Manceau, A., E. Pradier, and G. Tremblin. 2004. Osmotic adjustment, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of a hexaploid triticale and its parental species under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 161: 25-33.
Munns, R., R.A. James, and A. Lauchli. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57: 1025-1043.
Romesburg, H.C. 1990. Cluster analysis for researchers. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. Florida, USA.
Roostaei, M., R. Mohammadi, and A. Amri. 2014. Rank correlation among different statistical models in ranking of winter wheat genotypes. Crop Journal. 2: 154-163.
Schillinger, W.F. 2005. Tillage method and sowing rate relations for dry land spring wheat, barley, and oat. Crop Science. 45: 2636-2643.
Shahbazpanahi, B. F., Paknejad, D. Habibi, M. Sadeghi Shoaa, M. Nasri, and A. Pazoki. 2012. Evaluation of irrigation regimes on yield and yield componente in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(2): 185-197. (In Persian).
Turkan, I., M. Bor, F. Ozdemir, and H. Koca. 2005. Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the leaves of drought-tolerant P. acutifolius gray and drought-sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science. 168: 223-231.
VanBeuningen, L.T. and R.H. Busch. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: I., Analysis of the coefficient of parentage matrix. Crop Science. 37: 570-579.
Wang, Z.M., A.L. Wei, and D.M. Zheng. 2001. Photosynthetic characteristics of non-leaf organs of winter wheat cultivars differing in ear type and their relationship with grain mass per year. Photosynthesis. 39: 244-239.
Zhang, S.L., V. Sadras, X.P. Chen, and F.S. Zhang. 2013. Water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to soil and crop management. Field Crops Research. 151: 9-18.