تاثیر میکوریز و فسفر با مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید بر برخی صفات ذرت

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

فدرا طاهری اشترینانی ¹ , امین فتحی ²

1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران
2 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/07/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/08/01

کلید واژه: ذرت, سالیسیلیک اسید, فسفر, میکوریز,

چکیده مقاله :

اثر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی به همراه مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید بر خصوصیات زراعی ذرت طی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بروجرد در سال 1391 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل 3 سطح کود فسفر (صفر، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، 2 سطح کود بیولوژیک (میکوریز) (تلقیح بذر و عدم تلقیح بذر) و 2 سطح سالیسیلیک اسید (0.5 و 1 میلی مولار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که میان صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک اختلاف معنی داری در سطوح کود فسفر و میکوریز به دست آمد، در حالت تلقیح بذور با میکوریز عملکرد دانه به مقدار 8412 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد که 24% بیشتر از تیمار عدم تلقیح بذور بود. سالیسیلیک اسید تأثیر معنی داری بر تعـداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صـد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیـولوژیک و شـاخص برداشت داشت. با مصرف 1 میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید عملکرد دانه به مقدار 8316 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که 24% بیشتر از تیمار عدم مصرف بود. اثر متقابل فسفر و میکوریز بر تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی دار بودند. اثر متقابل سالیسیلیک اسید و فسفر و اثر متقابل سه گانه تیمارهای آزمایش نیز تنها بر عملکرد دانه معنی دار بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که سالیسیلیک اسید و میکوریز می توانند عملکرد دانه را از طریق تولید بوته های قوی تر گیاهی و بهبود اجزای عملکرد، افزایش دهند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Station of Boroujerd in 2011. Factors were three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi) (inoculation and non- inoculation of seeds) and two levels of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds affected number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield significantly. Seed yield of plants inoculated with mycorrhiza was 8412 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than non-inoculated ones. The effect of salicylic acid on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield and harvest index was also significant. The yield of plants with 1 mM salicylic acid treatment amounted to be 8316 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than none treated ones. Phosphorus and mycorrhizal interaction on the number of rows of seeds, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield were significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interactions and three way treatment effects were only significant on grain yield. This study showed that salicylic acid and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds can increase seed yield by improving yield components.

منابع و مأخذ:

Ahmadian, A., A. Ghanbari, and M. Galvi. 2006. The effect of fertilizers on yield quality and quantity of animal oil, cumin and chemical indicators. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 4(2): 1-10. (In Persian).

Alizadeh, O., and A. Alizadeh. 2007. The effect of mycorrhizae on humidity conditions on nutrient uptake in corn. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences. 3(1): 101 -108. (In Persian).

 Amanullah, M., and W. Khan. 2010. Interactive effects of potassium and phosphorus on phenology and grain yield of sunflower in Northwest Pakistan. Soil Science Society of China. 20(5): 674-680.

Ardakani, M.R., F. Majd, and G. Noormohammadi. 2006. Evaluating the efficiency of mycorrhiza and esterpetomysis in phosphorous different levels and effect of their utiliz on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 2 (2): 17-27. (In Persian)

Ehteshami, M., A. Aghalikhani, M.R. Chaeechi, and K. Khavazy. 2007. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative properties of corn under water stress conditions. The Second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture. Gorgan. P: 123. (In Persian).

EL-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45: 215- 225.

Fathi, A. 2011. The effect of nitrogen and phosphate based bio-fertilizers morphological and physiological characteristics of maize under the weather conditions of the Dareh shahr city. Agriculture Master's thesis. Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd.143 pp. (In Persian).

 Fathi, A., A. Farnia, and A. Maleki. 2012. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7;1 (25): 105-114. (In Persian).

 Jeyrani, M., N. Sajedi, H. Madani, and M. Sheikh. 2009. The effect of growth regulators and water stress on winter wheat crop's characteristics. New Findings in Agriculture. 4: 54-63. (In Persian).

 Momeni, S. 2011. The effect of salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol priming with salicylic acid spraying the plant with resistance to drought maize (Zea mays L.). Master's thesis. Birjand University of Science and Seed Technology. 127 pp. (In Persian).

 

 Nezarat, S., and A. Gholami. 2009. The effect of co-inoculathon of Azospirillum and Psedomonasrhizobacteria on nutrient of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy. 1(1): 25-32. (In Persian).

 Parsa Motlagh, B. 2011. The effect of the interaction of salinity, mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth and yield characteristics of the beans (Phaseseolus vulgaris L.). Master's thesis. University of Birjand. 138 pp. (In Persian).

 

 Qorchiane, M., Gh. Akbari, H. Alikhani, A. Allahdadi, and M. Zare. 2010. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria pseudomonas fluorescence on the ear characteristics, chlorophyll content and yield of corn under water stress conditions. Water and Soil Science (Agricultural Science) 21(1): 97-114. (In Persian).

  Rashedmohasel, H., M. Hosseini, M. Abdi, and A. Molafilaby. 2001. Cereal crops. Second edition. Mashhad University Press Jahad. (In Persian).

 

 Shakirova, F.M., A.R. Sakhabutdinova, M.V. Bezrokova, and R.A. Fatkhutdinova. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedling indused by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science. 164: 317-322. 

 Wu, B., S.C.L. Cao, Z.H. Cheung, and K.C. Wong. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Geoderma. 125: 155-162.

 Yazdani, M., M.A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, and M.A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 18: 20-25.

·   Ahmadian, A., A. Ghanbari, and M. Galvi. 2006. The effect of fertilizers on yield quality and quantity of animal oil, cumin and chemical indicators. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 4(2): 1-10. (In Persian).

 

·   Alizadeh, O., and A. Alizadeh.2007. The effect of mycorrhizae on humidity conditions on nutrient uptake in corn.Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences. 3(1): 101 -108. (In Persian).

 

·   Amanullah, M., and W. Khan. 2010. Interactive effects of potassium and phosphorus on phenology and grain yield of sunflower in Northwest Pakistan. Soil Science Society of China. 20(5): 674-680.

 

·   Ardakani, M.R., F. Majd, and G. Noormohammadi. 2006. Evaluating the efficiency of mycorrhiza and esterpetomysis in phosphorous different levels and effect of their utiliz on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 2 (2): 17-27. (In Persian)

 

·   Ehteshami, M., A. Aghalikhani, M.R. Chaeechi, and K. Khavazy. 2007. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative properties of corn under water stress conditions. The Second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture. Gorgan. P: 123. (In Persian).

 

·   EL-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45: 215- 225.

 

·   Fathi, A. 2011. The effect of nitrogen and phosphate based bio-fertilizers morphological and physiological characteristics of maize under the weather conditions of the Dareh shahr city. Agriculture Master's thesis. Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd.143 pp. (In Persian).

 

·   Fathi, A., A. Farnia, and A. Maleki. 2012. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7;1 (25): 105-114. (In Persian).

 

·   Jeyrani, M., N. Sajedi, H. Madani, and M. Sheikh. 2009. The effect of growth regulators and water stress on winter wheat crop's characteristics. New Findings in Agriculture. 4: 54-63. (In Persian).

 

·   Momeni, S. 2011. The effect of salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol priming with salicylic acid spraying the plant with resistance to drought maize (Zea mays L.). Master's thesis. Birjand University of Science and Seed Technology. 127 pp. (In Persian).

 

·   Nezarat, S., and A. Gholami. 2009. The effect of co-inoculathon of Azospirillum and Psedomonasrhizobacteria on nutrient of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy. 1(1): 25-32. (In Persian).

 

·   Parsa Motlagh, B. 2011. The effect of the interaction of salinity, mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth and yield characteristics of the beans (Phaseseolus vulgaris L.). Master's thesis. University of Birjand. 138 pp. (In Persian).

·   Qorchiane, M., Gh. Akbari, H. Alikhani, A. Allahdadi, and M. Zare. 2010. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria pseudomonas fluorescence on the ear characteristics, chlorophyll content and yield of corn under water stress conditions. Water and Soil Science (Agricultural Science) 21(1): 97-114. (In Persian).

 

·   Rashedmohasel, H., M. Hosseini, M. Abdi, and A. Molafilaby. 2001. Cereal crops. Second edition. Mashhad University Press Jahad. (In Persian).

 

·   Shakirova, F.M., A.R. Sakhabutdinova, M.V. Bezrokova, and R.A. Fatkhutdinova. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedling indused by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science. 164: 317-322. 

 

·   Wu, B., S.C.L. Cao, Z.H. Cheung, and K.C. Wong. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Geoderma. 125: 155-162.

 

Yazdani, M., M.A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, and M.A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphatesolubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yieldcomponents of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 18: 20-25.