نقش سالیسیلیک اسید در بهبود سیستم فتوسنتزی و عملکرد دانه ارقام سویا (Glycine max L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
نسرین رزمی
1
,
علی عبادی
2
,
جهانفر دانشیان
3
,
سدابه جهانبخش
4
1 - بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی - باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، پارس آباد، ایران
2 - دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/11/07
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/05/09
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/09/20
کلید واژه:
کلروفیل,
هدایت روزنه ای,
کارتنوئید,
عملکرد کوانتومی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید برسیستم فتوسنتزی و عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های سویا در شرایط تنش کم آبی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه و آزمایشگاه دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1394 انجام شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل تنش کم آبی در سه سطح ( 85، 65 و 45 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه)، سالیسیلیک اسید در 3 غلظت (صفر، 4/0 و 8/0میلی مولار) وژنوتیپ های ویلیامز،D42X19 و L17 سویا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه، محتوای نسبی آب، هدایت روزنه ای، غلظت کلروفیل های a و b، نسبت کلروفیل a/b، سطح برگ هر بوته، فلورسانس بیشینه و عملکرد کوانتوم در اثر تنش خشکی کاهش یافتند. کاربرد 4/0 میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید نسبت به غلظت بیشتر آن (8/0 میلی مولار) و شاهد تاثیر بیشتری در کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش داشت و توانست عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن، محتوای نسبی آب، غلظت کلروفیل های a و b، عملکرد کوانتوم و هدایت روزنه ای را در شرایط تنش خشکی کمتر کاهش دهد که نتیجه آن کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی بود. کارتنوئیدها در اثر تنش خشکی و کاربرد 8/0 میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید در ژنوتیپ های سویا به خصوص ژنوتیپ L17 افزایش یافت. همچنین، سطح ویژه برگ در اثر تنش خشکی افزایش یافت که آن در ژنوتیپ L17 نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ ها بیشتر بود. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، به نظر می رسد ژنوتیپ ویلیامز نسبت به دو ژنوتیپ دیگر توانایی بیشتری در تحمل به تنش خشکی را دارد و کاربرد 4/0 میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید می تواند راهکار مناسبی برای افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی در هر سه ژنوتیپ ویلیامز،D42X19 و L17 سویا باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
To investigate the effect of salicylic acid on photosynthetic system and seed yield in soybean genotypes under drought stress a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in both greenhouse and laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 2015. The factors consisted of water stress at 3 levels (85, 65 and 45% of field capacity), salicylic acid at 3 concentrations (0, 0.4 and 0.8 mM) and three soybean genotypes, Williams, D42X19, and L17. The results showed that the relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, leaf area, maximum fluorescence and quantum yield decreased as the result to drought stress, while Williams showed more tolerance to drought stress as compared to other two genotypes. Application of 0.4 mM salicylic acid as compared to high concentration (0.8 mM) and control was the most effective treatment on reducing the adverse effects of drought stress. It could be said that this may increase the relative water and chlorophylls contents, leaf area, quantum yield and stomatal conductance under drought stress conditions. It seems that carotenoid contents as a result of drought stress and application of 0.8 mM salicylic acid were increased in soybean genotypes, especially in L17. SLA was also increased due to drought stress, which was higher in L17 genotype than other genotypes. According to the results of this study, williams genotype was the most tolerant to drought stress as compared to the other genotypes, and the application of salicylic acid would enhance tolerance to drought stress in soybean genotypes.
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