تاثیر کاربرد زئولیت و میکوریزا بر ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد سویا و تجمع سرب در خاک آلوده به سرب
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیزیور حیدرپور صارمی 1 , ماشااله دانشور 2 , امیدعلی اکبرپور 3 , افسانه عالی نژادیان بیدآبادی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زارعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زارعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زارعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه آموزشی مهندسی کشاورزی خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: کاتالاز, رشد, دانه روغنی, فاکتور انتقال, گیاه‌پالایی,
چکیده مقاله :
از مهم‌ترین آلاینده های محیط زیست می توان به عنصر سرب اشاره کرد که بر جذب عناصر غذایی در گیاه تاثیرگذار است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر زئولیت و میکوریزا بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گیاه سویا در خاک آلوده به سرب در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان به انجام رسید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. عامل ها شامل میکوریزا در دو سطح (شاهد و تلقیح با میکوریزا (گونه گلوموس)) و زئولیت در سه سطح (صفر، پنج و ده درصد وزنی) بودند. خاک تمام گلدان ها با غلظت 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نیترات سرب آلوده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد به جز ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد شاخه فرعی که تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی میکوریزا و زئولیت قرار گرفتند، در بقیه صفات اثرات متقابل آنها معنی دار بود. کاربرد زئولیت10% به همراه تلقیح با میکوریزا موجب بهبود شاخص سطح برگ (84%)، فعالیت کاتالاز (150%)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (220%)، وزن هزار دانه (51%)، عملکرد دانه (94%)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (51%) و شاخص برداشت (34%) و کاهش تجمع سرب در ریشه (43%) و اندام هوایی (44%)، فاکتور انتقال (75%) و تجمع زیستی در ریشه (43%) و اندام هوایی (43%) شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه (3609 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (9026 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از استفاده هم‌زمان از میکوریزا و زئولیت 10% به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، کاربرد میکوریزا و زئولیت علاوه بر کاهش تأثیرات فلزات سنگین موجود در خاک و بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی تولیدی می تواند در گیاه‌پالایی فلزات سنگین مؤثر باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
One of the important environment pollutants can cited to element lead (Pb) that effected on absorption of nutrients in plants. This investigation was conducted in order study effect zeolite and Mycorrhiza on quality and quantity soyben plant on soil polluted with Pb in greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan. The experiment was carried basic factorial in from to random completly design with three repeat. Treatments were incloud; Mycorrhiza fungus in two level (control and application Mycorrhiza) and zeolite in three level (0, 5% and 10% W/W). Soil’s all plots were polluted with concentration 200 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2. Result this investigation indicued, exept height plant, number grain per pod, number pod per plant and number of branches that influenced by main effect Mycorrhiza and zeolite, in other traits intraction was significant. Application zeolite 10% with Mycorrhiza resulted improve LAI (84%), catalase (150%), superoxide dismutase (220%), 1000 grain-weight (51%), grain yield (94%), biological yield (51%) and harvest index (34%) and decreased accumulation of lead in root (43%) and shoot (44%), TF(75%) and BCF in root (43%) and shoot (43%). Heighest grain yield (3609 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (9026 kg.ha-1) was obtained from use Simultaneous zeolite 10% and Mycorrhiza. Overall application Mycorrhiza and zeolite in addition to decline effects heavy metals in the soil and improve quantitative and qualitative yield of the product can be effective in phytoremediation of heavy metals.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Abdelhameed, R.E., and R.A. Metwally. 2019. Alleviation of cadmium stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. International Journal Phytoremediation. 21: 663-671.
Adewole, M.B., O.O. Awotoye, M.O. Ohiembor, and A.O. Salami. 2010. Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on phytoremediation potential and yield of sunflower in Cd and Pb polluted soils. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 55: 17-28.
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Amouzegar, M., A. Abbaspour, S. Shahsavani, H.R. Asghari, and M. Parsaeiyan. 2016. Effects of phosphorus fertilizers and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis with sunflower on Pb availability in a contaminated soil. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 19(74): 39-50. (In Persian).
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Ashraf, U., A.S. Kanu, Q. Deng, Z. Mo, S. Pan, H. Tian, and X. Tang. 2017. Lead (Pb) toxicity; physio-biochemical mechanisms, grain yield, quality, and Pb distribution proportions in scented rice. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 259-263.
Babaakbari Sari, M., M. Farahbakhsh, G.R. Sawaqbi, and N.A. Najafi. 2013. Investigation of arsenic concentration in some calcareous soils of Qorveh and its uptake by corn, wheat and rapeseed in a naturally contaminated soil. Journal of Soil and Water Science. 23 (4): 1-17. (In Persian).
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Bi, Y., L. Xiao, and R. Liu. 2019. Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to remediation abandoned solid waste of coal mine. International Journal Coal Science Technolology. 6: 603-610.
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