کاربرد علف‌کش در مزارع برنج تلقیح شده با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم (Azotobacter chroococcum)
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
اکبر شیرزاد چناری
1
,
هاشم امین پناه
2
,
پیمان شریفی
3
1 - فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/09
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
علف‌هرز,
باکتری‌های محرک رشد برنج,
بنسولفورونمتیل,
پرتیلاکلر,
کاهش عملکرد.,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی امکان کاربرد علف کش در مزارع برنج (رقم بومی هاشمی) تلقیح شده با باکتری ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در رشت در سال 1393 انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل کاربرد باکتری ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم در دو سطح ( تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و روش های مختلف کنترل علف های هرز در شش سطح (کاربرد علف کش پرتیلاکلر + یک بار وجین تکمیلی، کاربرد علف کش بنسولفورونمتیل + یک بار وجین تکمیلی، کاربرد مخلوط علف کش پرتیلاکلر و بنسولفورونمتیل + یک بار وجین تکمیلی، وجین کامل+ عدم مصرف علف کش، عدم وجین + عدم مصرف علف کش) بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سبب افزایش معنی دار عملکرد شلتوک به میزان 16 درصد گردید. عدم کنترل علف های هرز نیز منجر به کاهش معنی دار عملکرد شلتوک نسبت به تیمارهای وجین دستی و شیمیایی شد. معنی دار نبودن اثر متقابل بین عامل های مورد بررسی بر عملکرد شلتوک و زیست توده برنج نشان داد که کاربرد علف کش های مـورد بررسـی در این آزمـایش اثر بازدارندگی و یا تحریک کنندگی بر فعالیت ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم در بهبود رشد و عملکرد شلتوک برنج نداشتند. وزن خشک علف های هرز در تیمار وجین دستی، مصرف پرتیلاکلر، بن سولفورون متیل و مخلوط پرتیلاکلر، بن سولفورون متیل در مقایسه با شاهد عدم وجین به ترتیب به میزان 88، 91، 92 و 94 درصد کاهش یافت. کاربرد باکتری ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم اثر معنی داری بر وزن خشک علف های هرز نداشت. به طورکلی، نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که امکان کنترل شیمیایی علف های هرز در مزارع برنج تلقیح شده با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم وجود دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
A field experiment was conducted at Rasht, in 2014, to investigate controlling weeds in native Hashemi cultivar paddy fields by different methods of herbicide applications and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum. The factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates was performed. Factors were Azotobacter application with two levels (inoculation with or without Azotobacter chroococcum) and weed management regimes with six levels (pretilachlor plus a supplementary hand weeding, bensulfuron methyl plus a supplementary hand weeding, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl plus a supplementary hand weeding, hand weeding during rice growing period + no herbicide, un-weeded during rice growing period + no herbicide). Results indicated that paddy rice yield was significantly increased by 16% after Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly reduced in un-weeded plots compared to hand weeded and herbicide treated plots. ANOVA also revealed that there was no interaction effect between Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimes on paddy and biological yields, indicating that the herbicides had no adverse effect on Azotobacter efficiency in promoting growth and paddy yield of rice. Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots. Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation had no significant effect on weed biomass. Overall, the result of this experiment confirmed the feasibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum.
منابع و مأخذ:
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· Aminpanah, H., P. Sharifi, A. Mohaddesi, A. Abbasian, and M. Javadi. 2014. Rice grain yield and weed growth as affected by plant density and pretilachlor rate. Philippine Agricultural Scientist. 97(3): 266–272.
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· Littlefield-Wyer, J.G., P. Brooks, and M. Katouli. 2008. Application of biochemical fingerprinting and fatty acid methyl ester profiling to assess the effect of the pesticide atradex on aquatic microbial communities. Environmental Pollution. 153: 393–400.
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· MaaziKajal, V., B. Yaghoubi, A. Farahpour, M. Mehrpouyan, and A. Vahedi. 2012. Comparison of the efficacy of penoxsulam with some common paddy riceherbicides. Cereal Research. 2(3): 223–235. (In Persian)
· Mahı´a, J., A. Cabaneiro, T. Carballas, and M. Dı´az-Ravin. 2008. Microbial biomass and C mineralization in agricultural soils as affected by atrazine addition. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 45: 99–105.
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· Maun, M.A., and S.C.H. Barrett. 1986. The biology of Canadian weeds. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 66: 739–759.
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· Mukhopadhyay, M., J.K. Datta, and T.K. Garai. 2013. Steps toward alternative farming system in rice. European Journal of Agronomy. 51: 18–24.
· Nour-mohamadi, G., A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 1997. Agronomy, Vol. 1 (cereal crops). Shahid Chamran University, 446p.
· Ntanos, D.A., and S.D. Koutroubas. 2002, Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for Indica and Japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research. 74: 93–101.
· Okamoto Y., R.L. Fisher, K.L. Armbrust, and C.J. Peter. 1998. Surface water monitoring survey for bensulfuron-methyl applied in paddy fields. Journal of Pesticide Science. 23: 235–240.
· Pampulha, M.E., and A. Oliveira, 2006. Impact of an herbicide combination of bromoxynil and prosulfuron on soil microorganisms. Current Microbiology. 53: 238–243.
· Panahi, A., H. Aminpanah, and P. Sharifi. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, bio-fertilizer, and silicon application on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 40(1): 76–81.
· Patnaik, G.K., P.K. Kanungo, B.T. Moorthy, P.K. Mahana, T.K. Adhya, and V.R. Rao. 1995. Effect of herbicides on nitrogen fixation (C2H2 reduction) associated with rice rhizosphere. Chemosphere. 30(2): 339–43.
· Saharan, B., and V. Nehra. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: a critical review. Life Science and Medicine Research. 21: 1–30.
· Sahoo, S., T. Adak, T.B. Bagchi, U. Kumar , S. Munda , S. Saha, J. Berliner, M. Jena, and B.B. Mishra. 2016. Non-target effects of pretilachlor on microbial properties in tropical rice soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23(8): 7595–602.
· Soleymanifard, A., and R. Naseri. 2014. The Effects of urea fertilizer and Azotobacter and Azospirillum on physiological charactestis of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Khash. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3(31): 301–316. (In Persian).
· Wu, G., L.T. Wilsom, and A.M. Mc Clung. 1998. Contribution of rice tillers to dry matter accumulation and yield. Agronomy Journal. 90: 317–323.
· Xie, X.M., M. Liao, C.Y. Huang, W.P. Liu, and S. Abid. 2004. Effects of pesticides on soil biochemical characteristics of a paddy soil. Journal of Environmental Science. 16: 252–255.
· Yaghoubi, B., H. Alizadeh, H. Rahimian, M. Baghestani, M. Sharifi, and N. Davatgar. 2010. A review on researches conducted on paddy field weeds and herbicides in Iran. 3rd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. pp 2–11. (In Persian).
· Zhao, D.L., G.N. Atlin, L. Bastiaans, and J.H.J. Spiertz. 2006. Comparing rice germplasm for growth, grain yield, and weed suppressive ability under aerobic soil conditions. Weed Research. 46: 444–452.
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· Ali, N.A., S.D. Darwish, and S.M. Mansour. 2002. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense inoculation an anhydrous ammonia on root colonization, plant growth and yield of wheat plant under saline alkaline cognition. Journal of Agricultural Science, Mansoura University. 27: 5575–5591.
· Aminpanah, H., P. Sharifi, A. Mohaddesi, A. Abbasian, and M. Javadi. 2014. Rice grain yield and weed growth as affected by plant density and pretilachlor rate. Philippine Agricultural Scientist. 97(3): 266–272.
· Ampong-Nyarko, K., and S. K. De Detta. 1991. A Handbook for weed control in rice. IRRI, Manila, Pp. 113.
· Anonymous.. 2013. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization). FAOSTAT statistics database [Online]. Available at http://faostat.fao.org
· Biswas, J.C., J.K. Ladha, F.B. Dazzo, Y.G. Yanni, and B.G. Rolfe. 2000. Rhizobial inoculation influences seedling vigor and yield of rice. Agronomy Journal. 92: 880–886.
· El-Ghamry, A.M., C.Y. Huang, and J.M. Xu. 2001. Combined effects of two sulfonylurea herbicides on soil microbial biomass and N-mineralization. Journal of Environmental Science.13: 311–317.
· Garnier, E., J.L. Salager, G. Laurent, and Â.L. Sonie. 1999. Relationships between photosynthesis, nitrogen and leaf structure in 14 grass species and their dependence on the basis of expression. New Phytologist. 143: 119–129.
· Heafele, S.M., D.E. Johnson, D. M’Bodj, M.C.S. Wopereis, and K.M. Miezan. 2004. Field screening of diverse rice genotypes for weed competitiveness in irrigated lowland ecosystems. Field Crops Research. 88: 39–56.
· Holm, L.G., J.V. Pancho, J.P. Herberger, and D.L. Plucknett. 1977. The world’s worst weeds. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.
· Ingram, C.W., M.S. Coyne, and D.W. Williams. 2005. Effects of commercial diazinon and imidacloprid on microbial urease activity in soil. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34: 1573–1580.
· Jalilian, J., S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavya, S.F. Saberalia, and K. Sadat-Asilan. 2012. Effects of the combination of beneficial microbes and nitrogen on sunflower seed yields and seed quality traits under different irrigation regimes. Field Crops Research. 127: 26–34.
· Javadi M., and H. Aminpanah. 2016. Effect of Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation, previous crop, and usage nitrogen on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(2): 311–326. (In Persian)
· Johnsen, K., C.S. Jacobsen, and V. Torsvik. 2001. Pesticides effects on bacterial diversity in agricultural soils, A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 33: 443–453.
· Keeley P.E., and R.L.J. Thullen. 1989. Influence of planting date on growth of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Weed Science. 37: 557–561.
· Kim, S.C., and W.G. Ha. 2005. Direct seeding and weed management in Korea. In: Rice is life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century. Procceding of the World Rice Research Conference. 4–7 November, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 181–184.
· Littlefield-Wyer, J.G., P. Brooks, and M. Katouli. 2008. Application of biochemical fingerprinting and fatty acid methyl ester profiling to assess the effect of the pesticide atradex on aquatic microbial communities. Environmental Pollution. 153: 393–400.
· Lo´pez, L., C. Pozo, B. Rodelas, C. Calvo, and J. Gonza´lez-Lo´pez. 2006. Influence of pesticides and herbicides presence on phosphatase activity and selected bacterial microbiota of a natural lake system. Ecotoxicology. 15: 487–493.
· MaaziKajal, V., B. Yaghoubi, A. Farahpour, M. Mehrpouyan, and A. Vahedi. 2012. Comparison of the efficacy of penoxsulam with some common paddy riceherbicides. Cereal Research. 2(3): 223–235. (In Persian)
· Mahı´a, J., A. Cabaneiro, T. Carballas, and M. Dı´az-Ravin. 2008. Microbial biomass and C mineralization in agricultural soils as affected by atrazine addition. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 45: 99–105.
· Maksimov, I., R. Abizgil’dina, and L. Pusenkova. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as alternative to chemical crop protectors from pathogens (review). Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 47(4): 333–345.
· Massenssini, A.M., V.H.A. Bonduki, C.D.A. Melo, M.R. Totala, F.A. Ferreira, and M.D. Costa. 2014. Soil microorganisms and their role in the interactions between weeds and crops. Planta Daninha. 32(4): 873–884.
· Maun, M.A., and S.C.H. Barrett. 1986. The biology of Canadian weeds. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 66: 739–759.
· Min, H., Y.F. Ye, Z.Y. Chen, W.X. Wu, and D. Yufeng. 2001. Effects of butachlor on microbial populations and enzymes activities in paddy soil. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. 36: 581–595.
· Mukhopadhyay, M., J.K. Datta, and T.K. Garai. 2013. Steps toward alternative farming system in rice. European Journal of Agronomy. 51: 18–24.
· Nour-mohamadi, G., A. Siadat, and A. Kashani. 1997. Agronomy, Vol. 1 (cereal crops). Shahid Chamran University, 446p.
· Ntanos, D.A., and S.D. Koutroubas. 2002, Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for Indica and Japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research. 74: 93–101.
· Okamoto Y., R.L. Fisher, K.L. Armbrust, and C.J. Peter. 1998. Surface water monitoring survey for bensulfuron-methyl applied in paddy fields. Journal of Pesticide Science. 23: 235–240.
· Pampulha, M.E., and A. Oliveira, 2006. Impact of an herbicide combination of bromoxynil and prosulfuron on soil microorganisms. Current Microbiology. 53: 238–243.
· Panahi, A., H. Aminpanah, and P. Sharifi. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, bio-fertilizer, and silicon application on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 40(1): 76–81.
· Patnaik, G.K., P.K. Kanungo, B.T. Moorthy, P.K. Mahana, T.K. Adhya, and V.R. Rao. 1995. Effect of herbicides on nitrogen fixation (C2H2 reduction) associated with rice rhizosphere. Chemosphere. 30(2): 339–43.
· Saharan, B., and V. Nehra. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: a critical review. Life Science and Medicine Research. 21: 1–30.
· Sahoo, S., T. Adak, T.B. Bagchi, U. Kumar , S. Munda , S. Saha, J. Berliner, M. Jena, and B.B. Mishra. 2016. Non-target effects of pretilachlor on microbial properties in tropical rice soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23(8): 7595–602.
· Soleymanifard, A., and R. Naseri. 2014. The Effects of urea fertilizer and Azotobacter and Azospirillum on physiological charactestis of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Khash. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3(31): 301–316. (In Persian).
· Wu, G., L.T. Wilsom, and A.M. Mc Clung. 1998. Contribution of rice tillers to dry matter accumulation and yield. Agronomy Journal. 90: 317–323.
· Xie, X.M., M. Liao, C.Y. Huang, W.P. Liu, and S. Abid. 2004. Effects of pesticides on soil biochemical characteristics of a paddy soil. Journal of Environmental Science. 16: 252–255.
· Yaghoubi, B., H. Alizadeh, H. Rahimian, M. Baghestani, M. Sharifi, and N. Davatgar. 2010. A review on researches conducted on paddy field weeds and herbicides in Iran. 3rd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. pp 2–11. (In Persian).
· Zhao, D.L., G.N. Atlin, L. Bastiaans, and J.H.J. Spiertz. 2006. Comparing rice germplasm for growth, grain yield, and weed suppressive ability under aerobic soil conditions. Weed Research. 46: 444–452.
