بررسی واکنش عملکرد ذرت دانه ای (SC 704) به تاریخ کاشت مناسب و کم آبیاری با روش آماری چند متغیره
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
بابک میرشکارنژاد
1
,
فرزاد پاک نژاد
2
,
محمد نبی ایلکایی
3
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری، اداره هواشناسی کشاورزی و سینوپتیک کرج، سازمان هواشناسی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/08/27
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/10
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01
کلید واژه:
تجزیه علیت,
شاخص برداشت,
صفات زراعی,
بهره وری آب,
وزن بلال,
چکیده مقاله :
اقلیم خشک و نیمه خشک در اغلب نواحی ایران، اهمیت استفاده از روش های مدیریت زراعی را دوچندان کرده است. بر این اساس، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال های زراعی 1395 و 1396 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت، (1 اردیبهشت، 21 اردیبهشت و 10 خرداد) و چهار رژیم آبیاری شامل I100: 100%ETc،I80: 80%ETc ،I60: 60%ETc و I40: 40%ETc مبتنی بر نیاز آبی گیاه ذرت طراحی شدند. بالاترین بهره وری اقتصادی مصرف آب به میزان 1/19 و 1/01 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم با تاریخ کاشت اول حاصل شد. تجزیه علیت نشان داد که متغیرهایی نظیر وزن بلال با تأثیر مثبت و مستقیم (1/27) و بهره وری بیولوژیکی مصرف آب با تأثیر مستقیم (0/937) از عوامل اصلی تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد دانه بودند. بر اساس آزمون تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی، صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن بلال، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد کل دانه، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت تحت عنوان صفات زراعی و صفات عملکرد اقتصادی مصرف آب و عملکرد بیولوژیکی مصرف آب به عنوان صفات فیزیولوژیکی ذرت در مجموع 70 درصد از کل تغییرات عملکرد را توجیه کردند. بنابراین، با توجه به معنی داری اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و آبیاری بر عملکرد دانه (p ≤ 0.01)، کاشت زودهنگام ذرت دانه ای و مدیریت کم آبیاری با تعدیل تنش های غیرزنده نقش عمده ای در کسب عملکرد بهینه و ارتقای بهره وری آب آبیاری خواهند داشت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Arid and semiarid climate in many parts of Iran dictates the employment of agronomic practices. With this approach, a statistical experiment was set up in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The experiment took place in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Experimental treatments scheduled on three planting dates: (21st April, 11th May and 31th May) and four irrigation regimes: I100: 100%ETc, I80: 80%ETc, I60: 60%ETc and I40: 40%ETc, based on plant water need. The highest value of water productivity of economical yield (1.19 kg.m-3) and the greatest value of water productivity of biological yield (1.03 kg.m-3) obtained in early-planting date in both years, respectively. Path analysis showed that ear weight with direct effect (1.27) and water productivity of biological yield (0.973), positively contributed to the final yield determination under irrigation regimes I100 and I60, respectively. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the variables such as grain yield, ear weight, biological yield, total number of grain, kernel weight and harvest index as agronomic traits in PC1 and water productivity of economical yield and biological yield as physiological traits in PC2 were accounted for 70% of the final yield variations in total. Due to interactions of planting date and irrigation level on the grain yield (p ≤ 0.01), early planting of grain maize and deficit irrigation management as early season strategies will have great potential to achieve optimal yield and higher water productivity by mitigating early abiotic factors.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abasi Sadr, S., S. Sharafi, and A. Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh. 2018. Effect of drought stress and seed priming on some traits of vegetative and reproductive of castor bean (Ricinus Communis) plant. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12(1): 75-88. (In Persian).
Abedinpour, M. 2015. Evaluation of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients of maize using weighing lysimeter. Soil and Water Research. 10: 99-104.
Abrokwah, O.A., A. Antwi-Boasiako, and Z. Zechariah Effah. 2017. Effects of drought stress on maize genotypes (Zea mays) using some plant parameters. Journal of Science Research in Allied Science. 6(3): 481-490.
Afshari, M., A. Naderi, M. Mojadam, Sh. Lak, and M. Alavifazel. 2021. Response of physiological and iochemical arameters of maize (Zea mays) to the application of zinc and iron at irrigation cutoff conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15 (4):515-534. (In Persian).
Akinnuoye-Adelabu, D.B., and A.T. Modi. 2017. Planting dates and harvesting stages influence on maize yield under rain-fed conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 9: 43-55.
Bekele, S., and K. Tilahun. 2007. Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of onion in a semiarid region of Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management. 89: 148-152.
Berzsenyi, Z., and D.Q. Lap. 2005. Responses of maize (Zea mays) hybrids to sowing date, N fertilizer and plant density in different years. Journal of Acta Agronomica Hungarica. 53: 119-131.
Cakir, R. 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89: 1-16.
Di Paolo, E., and M. Rinaldi. 2008. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research. 105: 202-210.
Fanaei, H.R., A. Azmal, and I. Piri. 2017. Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on oil, seed yield and some agronomic traits of safflower under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agroecology. 8(4): 551-566. (In Persian).
Fereres, E., and M.A. Soriano. 2006. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Biology. 58(2): 147-159.
Golbashy, M., M. Ebrahimi, S.K. Khorasani, and R. Choukan. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays) hybrids in Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5: 2714-2719.
Howell, T.A. 2003. Irrigation efficiency. In: Encyclopedia of water science Stewart, B.A., and T.A. Howell (Eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 467- 472p.
Kiziloglu, F.M., U. Sahin, Y. Kuslu, and T. Tunc. 2009. Determining water–yield relationship, water use efficiency, crop and pan coefficients for silage maize in a semiarid region. Irrigation Science. 27: 129-137.
Lisar, S.Y.S., R. Motafakkerazad, M.M. Hossain, and I.M.M. Rahman. 2012. Water stress in plants: Causes, Effects and Responses. DOI: 10.5772/39363.
Lizaso, J. 2017. Modeling the response of maize phenology, kernel set, and yield components to heat stress and heat shock with CSM-IXIM. Field Crops Research. 214: 239-252.
Morison, J.I.L., N.R. Baker, P.M. Mullineaux, and W.J. Davies. 2008. Improving water use in crop production. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363: 639-658.
Nielson, R.L., P.R. Thomison, G.A. Brown, A.L. Halter, J. Wells, and K.L. Wuethrich. 2002. Delayed planting effects on flowering and grain maturation of dent corn. Journal of Agronomy. 94: 549-558.
Payero, J.O., D.D. Tarkalson, S. Irmak, D. Davison, and J.L. Petersen. 2009. Effect of timing of a deficit-irrigation allocation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency and dry mass. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 1387-1397.
Praba, M.L., J.E. Cairns, R.C. Babu, and HR. Lafitte. 2009. Identification of physiological traits underlying cultivar differences in drought tolerance in rice and wheat. Journal of Agronomy. 195: 30-46.
Soler, C.M.T., P.C. Sentelhas, and G. Hoogenboom. 2007. Application of the CSM-CERES-Maize model for planting date evaluation and yield forecasting for maize grown off-season in a subtropical environment. European Journal of Agronomy. 27: 165-177.
Strzepek, K., and B. Boehlert. 2010. Competition for water for the food system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 365: 2927-2940.
Tsimba, R., G.O. Edmeades, J.P. Millner, and P.D. Kemp. 2013. The effect of planting date on maize: Phenology, thermal time durations and growth rates in a cool temperate climate. Field Crops Research. 150: 145-155.
Yang, J.C., J.H. Zhang, L.J. Liu, Z.Q. Wang, and Q.S. Zhu. 2002. Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica/ Indica hybrid rice subjected to post-anthesis water deficit. Agronomy Journal. 94: 102–109.
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Abasi Sadr, S., S. Sharafi, and A. Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh. 2018. Effect of drought stress and seed priming on some traits of vegetative and reproductive of castor bean (Ricinus Communis) plant. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12(1): 75-88. (In Persian).
Abedinpour, M. 2015. Evaluation of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients of maize using weighing lysimeter. Soil and Water Research. 10: 99-104.
Abrokwah, O.A., A. Antwi-Boasiako, and Z. Zechariah Effah. 2017. Effects of drought stress on maize genotypes (Zea mays) using some plant parameters. Journal of Science Research in Allied Science. 6(3): 481-490.
Afshari, M., A. Naderi, M. Mojadam, Sh. Lak, and M. Alavifazel. 2021. Response of physiological and iochemical arameters of maize (Zea mays) to the application of zinc and iron at irrigation cutoff conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15 (4):515-534. (In Persian).
Akinnuoye-Adelabu, D.B., and A.T. Modi. 2017. Planting dates and harvesting stages influence on maize yield under rain-fed conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. 9: 43-55.
Bekele, S., and K. Tilahun. 2007. Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of onion in a semiarid region of Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management. 89: 148-152.
Berzsenyi, Z., and D.Q. Lap. 2005. Responses of maize (Zea mays) hybrids to sowing date, N fertilizer and plant density in different years. Journal of Acta Agronomica Hungarica. 53: 119-131.
Cakir, R. 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89: 1-16.
Di Paolo, E., and M. Rinaldi. 2008. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research. 105: 202-210.
Fanaei, H.R., A. Azmal, and I. Piri. 2017. Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on oil, seed yield and some agronomic traits of safflower under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agroecology. 8(4): 551-566. (In Persian).
Fereres, E., and M.A. Soriano. 2006. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Biology. 58(2): 147-159.
Golbashy, M., M. Ebrahimi, S.K. Khorasani, and R. Choukan. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays) hybrids in Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5: 2714-2719.
Howell, T.A. 2003. Irrigation efficiency. In: Encyclopedia of water science Stewart, B.A., and T.A. Howell (Eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York. 467- 472p.
Kiziloglu, F.M., U. Sahin, Y. Kuslu, and T. Tunc. 2009. Determining water–yield relationship, water use efficiency, crop and pan coefficients for silage maize in a semiarid region. Irrigation Science. 27: 129-137.
Lisar, S.Y.S., R. Motafakkerazad, M.M. Hossain, and I.M.M. Rahman. 2012. Water stress in plants: Causes, Effects and Responses. DOI: 10.5772/39363.
Lizaso, J. 2017. Modeling the response of maize phenology, kernel set, and yield components to heat stress and heat shock with CSM-IXIM. Field Crops Research. 214: 239-252.
Morison, J.I.L., N.R. Baker, P.M. Mullineaux, and W.J. Davies. 2008. Improving water use in crop production. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363: 639-658.
Nielson, R.L., P.R. Thomison, G.A. Brown, A.L. Halter, J. Wells, and K.L. Wuethrich. 2002. Delayed planting effects on flowering and grain maturation of dent corn. Journal of Agronomy. 94: 549-558.
Payero, J.O., D.D. Tarkalson, S. Irmak, D. Davison, and J.L. Petersen. 2009. Effect of timing of a deficit-irrigation allocation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency and dry mass. Agricultural Water Management. 96: 1387-1397.
Praba, M.L., J.E. Cairns, R.C. Babu, and HR. Lafitte. 2009. Identification of physiological traits underlying cultivar differences in drought tolerance in rice and wheat. Journal of Agronomy. 195: 30-46.
Soler, C.M.T., P.C. Sentelhas, and G. Hoogenboom. 2007. Application of the CSM-CERES-Maize model for planting date evaluation and yield forecasting for maize grown off-season in a subtropical environment. European Journal of Agronomy. 27: 165-177.
Strzepek, K., and B. Boehlert. 2010. Competition for water for the food system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 365: 2927-2940.
Tsimba, R., G.O. Edmeades, J.P. Millner, and P.D. Kemp. 2013. The effect of planting date on maize: Phenology, thermal time durations and growth rates in a cool temperate climate. Field Crops Research. 150: 145-155.
Yang, J.C., J.H. Zhang, L.J. Liu, Z.Q. Wang, and Q.S. Zhu. 2002. Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica/ Indica hybrid rice subjected to post-anthesis water deficit. Agronomy Journal. 94: 102–109.
