پاسخ سه ژنوتیپ گندم (.Triticum aestivum L) به کود زیستی فلاویت و گوگرد در استان مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعلی جباری 1 , ناصر لطیفی 2 , مجتبی محمودی 3 , ابوالفضل فرجی 4 , محمدرضا داداشی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - استاد گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران
4 - استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
5 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: مازندران, گوگرد, کود زیستی, رقم گندم, بایع‌کلا, قراخیل,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثرات کود زیستی و گوگرد بر عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیک سه رقم گندم، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 96-95 در دو ایستگاه تحقیقات زراعی قراخیل و بایع کلا استان مازندران، انجام شد. آزمایش در دو سطح کود زیستی فلاویت و سه سطح گوگرد به صورت آزمایش اسپیلت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای گوگردی شامل صفر، 250 و 500 کیلوگرم در هکتار (به همراه تیوباسیلوس) و تیمارهای کود زیستی صفر و دو لیتر در هکتار (به صورت بذر مال) بودند که روی ارقام گنبد، احسان و تیرگان اعمال شدند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل، ارتفاع گیاه، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد سنبله بارور، عملکرد دانه، وزن تر و خشک بوته و درصد پروتئین دانه گندم بودند. نتایچ نشان داد که کود زیستی فلاویت بر شاخص سطح برگ، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد سنبله بارور و عملکرد اثر معنی داری داشت و کاربرد دو لیتر کود زیستی سبب بهبود این صفات شد. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه گندم در رقم تیرگان با دریافت دو کیلوگرم در هکتار کود زیستی فلاویت و 250کیلوگرم گوگرد بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه (7/117 سانتی متر) مشاهده شد. در هر سه رقم گنبد، احسان و تیرگان مصرف دو لیتر در هکتار فلاویت و 250 کیلوگرم گوگرد موجب افزایش وزن خشک گندم در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم مصرف کود زیستی فلاویت و گوگرد) گردید. رقم تیرگان با عملکرد 5298 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه گندم را در تیمار مصرف دو لیتر فلاویت و 250 کیلگرم گوگرد در هکتار تولید کرد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، در مجموع می توان نتیجه گرفت در بین سه رقم مطالعه شده در مناطق مرکزی و شرقی استان مازندران، استفاده از 250 کیلوگرم گوگرد و کاربرد دو لیتر در هکتار کود زیستی فلاویت بیشترین عملکرد را در رقم تیرگان تولید می کند.
To evaluate the effect of biofertilizer and sulfur on yield and morphophysiological traits of three wheat genotypes. A split plot factorial design experiment based on completely randomized block design with four replications was performed at Gharakhail and Baykola research stations of Mazandaran province in 2014-2015. The wheat genotypes were Gonbad, Ehsan and Tirgan; the sulfur treatments consisted of levels of zero, 250 and 500 kg.ha-1 (along with Tiobacillu ssp < /em>) and biofertilizer of zero and two l.ha-1 (via treating seeds). The traits studied were plant height, leaf area index, number of fertile spikes, seed yield, plant fresh and dry weights, and protein percentage of seeds. Results showed that Flawheat biofertilizer had significant effect on leaf area index, plant dry weight, number of fertile spike and seed yied, and application of two liters of biofertilizer improved the traits under study. The highest plant height (117.7 cm) was observed in Tirgan cultivar by using 2 kg.ha-1 of flawheat biofertilizer and 250 kg.ha-1 of sulfur. In all three cultivars of Gonbad, Ehsan and Tirgan, consumption of 2 l.ha-1 of flawheat and 250 kg.ha-1 of sulfur increased wheat dry weight compared to the control. Tirgan cultivar with 5298 kg.ha-1 produced highest seed yield by using two liters of Flawheat and 250 kg of sulfur per hectare. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Tirgan among the three cultivars studied in the central and eastern regions of Mazandaran province, produced higest seed yield by using of 250 kg.ha-1 of sulfur and the application of two liters per hectare of Flawheat.
· Ahemad, M., and M. Kibret. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. Journal of King Saud University-Science. 26(1): 1-20.
· Ansari, M.W., D.K. Trivedi, R.K. Sahoo, S.S. Gill, and N. Tuteja 2013. A critical review on fungi mediated plant responses with special emphasis to Piriformospora indica on improved production and protection of crops. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 70: 403-410. (In Persian).
· Asadi Rahmani, H., A. Lakzian, J. Ghaderi, P. Keshavarz, H. Haghighatnia, K. Mirzashahi, M. Ramezanpour, A. Arayi, and A. Torkashv. 2016. Potential of flavobacterium as biofertilizer to increase wheat yield. Journal of Water and Soil 30(1): 125-135 (In Persian).
· Azadi, S., S.A. Siyadat, R. Naseri, A. Soleimani Fard, and A. Mirzaei 2013. Effect of integrated application of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative of durum wheat. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7(2): 129-146. (In Persian).
· Babalola, O.O. 2010. Beneficial bacteria of agricultural importance. Biotechnology letters. 32(11): 1559-1570.
· Belimov, A.A., I.C. Dodd, N. Hontzeas, J.C. Theobald, V.I. Safronova, and W.J. Davies. 2009. Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1‐aminocyclopropane ‐1‐ carboxylate deaminase increase yield of plants grown in drying soil via both local and systemic hormone signalling. New Phytologist. 181(2): 413-423.
· Bhattacharyya, P.N., and D.K. Jha 2012. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 28(4): 1327-1350.
· Bonnot, T., E. Bancel, D. Alvarez, M. Davanture, J. Boudet, M. Pailloux, M. Zivy, C. Ravel, and P. Martre 2017. Grain subproteome responses to nitrogen and sulfur supply in diploid wheat Triticum monococcum. The Plant Journal. 91(5): 894-910.
· Chaghazardi, H., G. Mohammadi, and A.A. Beheshti. 2013. Effects of different amounts of sulfur and manure on soil acidity and plant traits of corn hybrid KSC 704. Iranian Journal Of Field Crops Research. 11(1): 162-170. (In Persian).
· De Kok, L. J., M. Tausz, M. J. Hawkesford, R. Hoefgen, M. T. McManus, R. Norton, H. Rennenberg, K. Saito, E. Schnug and L. Tabe 2012. Sulfur Metabolism in Plants: Mechanisms and Applications to Food Security and Responses to Climate Change, Springer Science & Business Media. 284 pp.
· Delshadi, S., M. Ebrahimi, and E. Shirmohammadi. 2017. Effectiveness of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Bromus tomentellus Boiss seed germination, growth and nutrients uptake under drought stress. South African Journal of Botany. 113: 11-18.
· Dimkpa, C., T. Weinand, and F. Asch. 2009. Plant–rhizobacteria interactions alleviate abiotic stress conditions. Plant, Cell and Environment. 32(12): 1682-1694.
· Ebadzadeh, H., K. Ahmadi, S. Mohammadinia Afrozi, R. Abbastaghani, M. Abbasi, and S. Yari. 2016. Agricultural statistics of 2014-2015 crop year. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran.(In Persian).
· Eslami, A., R. Sadrabadi Haghighi, and M. Zafarian. 2014. Responses of seed yield, yield components and some morphophysiological traits of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) to the application methods of Fulzyme biofertilizer. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 8(3): 243-256. (In Persian).
· Etesami, H., H. Alikhani, M. Jadidi, and A. Aliakbari. 2009. Effect of superior IAA producing rhizobia on N, P, K uptake by wheat grown under greenhouse condition. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6: 1629-1633. (In Persian).
· Evelin, H., R. Kapoor, and B. Giri. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Annals of Botany. 104(7): 1263-1280.
· Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani, and S. Nezarat. 2009. The effect of plant growth promotingrhizobacteria(PGPR)ongermination,seedlinggrowthandyieldof maize. InternationalJournalofAgriculturalandBiosystemsEngineering. 1(1):35-40.
· Godarzi, K. 2010. The effect of sulfur and compost on nutrient availability of soil and its uptake by wheat. Papers of Zonal Symposium in New Approach in Agronomy and Nanotechnology, Share-Gods, IAU. Gods Branch, 21 January. Share Gods Branch: (In Persian).
· Gupta, G., S.S. Parihar, S.K. Snehi, and V. Singh 2015. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): current and future prospects for development of sustainable agriculture. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology. 7(2): 096-102.
· Hawkesford, M.J., and L.J. De Kok. 2006. Managing sulphur metabolism in plants. Plant, Cell and Environment. 29(3): 382-395.
· Hu, Y., Z. Burucs, S. Von Tucher, and U. Schmidhalter. 2007. Short-term effects of drought and salinity on mineral nutrient distribution along growing leaves of maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 60(2): 268-275.
· Ilyas, N., and A. Bano 2010. Azospirillum strains isolated from roots and rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil moisture conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 46(4): 393-406.
· Jalili, F. 2017. Effects of sulfur and manure on wheat yield and some physical-chemical properties of soil. Water and Soil Science. 27(3): 199-209. (In Persian).
· Ju, I., B. Wj, S. Md, O. Ia, and E. Oj. 2018. A review: Biofertilizer-A key player in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Reports. 2(2): 22-28.
· Kader, M., M. Mian, and M. Hoque. 2002. Effects of azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by -wheat. Journal of Biological Science. 2(4): 259-261.
· Kalsi, N., D.I. Drautz-Moses, A. Uchida, R.W. Purbojati, J.N. Houghton, C. Chénard, A. Wong, S. Kolundžija, M.E. Clare, and K.K. Kushwaha. 2019. Complete genome sequence of microbacterium sp. strain SGAir 0570, isolated from Tropical Air Collected in Singapore. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8(34): e00613-00619.
· Kang, S.M., A.L. Khan, M. Hamayun, Z.K. Shinwari, Y.H. Kim, and I.J. Lee. 2012. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ameliorated plant growth and influenced gibberellins and functional biochemicals. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 44(1): 365-372.
· Kasim, W.A., M.E. Osman, M.N. Omar, I.A.A. El-Daim, S. Bejai, and J. Meijer. 2013. Control of drought stress in wheat using plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 32(1): 122-130.
· Khan, A.L., M. Hamayun, Y.H. Kim, S.M. Kang, J.H. Lee, and I.J. Lee. 2011. Gibberellins producing endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus sp. LH02 influenced endogenous phytohormonal levels, isoflavonoids production and plant growth in salinity stress. Process Biochemistry. 46(2): 440-447.
· Martínez-Viveros, O., M. Jorquera, D. Crowley, G. Gajardo, and M. Mora. 2010. Mechanisms and practical considerations involved in plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 10(3): 293-319.
· Mohsennia, O., and J. Jalilian. 2012. Response of safflower seed quality characteristics to different soil fertility systems and irrigation disruption. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. 3(5): 968-976.
· Momen, A., A. Pazoki, and M.R. Momayezi 2011. Effects of granular sulfur (Bentonitic) and compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Bam wheat in Semnan region. Crop Physiology Journal. 3(9): 31-46.
· Moradi, H., B. Bahramnejad, J. Amini, A. Siosemardeh, and K. Haji-Allahverdipoor. 2012. Suppression of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Fusariums wilt by Bacillus subtillis and Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Omics. 5(2): 68-74.
· Motior, M., A. Abdou, F.H. Al Darwish, K.A. El-Tarabily, M.A. Awad, F. Golam, and M. Sofian-Azirun. 2011. Influence of elemental sulfur on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of cucumber grown in sandy calcareous soil. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(12): 1610-1615.
· Mozafari, A., J. Daneshian, D. Habibi, A. Asgharzadeh, and A. Rad. 2015. Investigation the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobactria on some morphophysiological traits of bread wheat under terminal drought stress conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 7(26): 21-36. (In Persian).
· Rasool, F.U., B. Hasan, I. Jahangir, T. Ali, and T. Mubarak 2013. Nutritional yield and economic responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to integrated levels of nitrogen, sulphur and farmyard manure. Journal of Agricultural Sciences SriLanka. 8(1): 17-27.
· Saberi, H., Gh. Mosenabadi, and S.M. Ehteshami. 2015. Integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under Rasht climate conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6(1): 21-31. (In Persian).
· Saleem, M., M. Arshad, S. Hussain, and A.S. Bhatti. 2007. Perspectiveof plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 34(10): 635-648.
· Tao, Z., X. Chang, D. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Ma, Y. Yang, and G. Zhao. 2018. Effects of sulfur fertilization and short-term high temperature on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins. The Crop Journal. 6(4): 413-425.
Zaidi, A., and S. Khan. 2005. Interactive effect of rhizotrophic microorganisms on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 28(12): 2079-2092.
_||_· Ahemad, M., and M. Kibret. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. Journal of King Saud University-Science. 26(1): 1-20.
· Ansari, M.W., D.K. Trivedi, R.K. Sahoo, S.S. Gill, and N. Tuteja 2013. A critical review on fungi mediated plant responses with special emphasis to Piriformospora indica on improved production and protection of crops. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 70: 403-410. (In Persian).
· Asadi Rahmani, H., A. Lakzian, J. Ghaderi, P. Keshavarz, H. Haghighatnia, K. Mirzashahi, M. Ramezanpour, A. Arayi, and A. Torkashv. 2016. Potential of flavobacterium as biofertilizer to increase wheat yield. Journal of Water and Soil 30(1): 125-135 (In Persian).
· Azadi, S., S.A. Siyadat, R. Naseri, A. Soleimani Fard, and A. Mirzaei 2013. Effect of integrated application of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative of durum wheat. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7(2): 129-146. (In Persian).
· Babalola, O.O. 2010. Beneficial bacteria of agricultural importance. Biotechnology letters. 32(11): 1559-1570.
· Belimov, A.A., I.C. Dodd, N. Hontzeas, J.C. Theobald, V.I. Safronova, and W.J. Davies. 2009. Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1‐aminocyclopropane ‐1‐ carboxylate deaminase increase yield of plants grown in drying soil via both local and systemic hormone signalling. New Phytologist. 181(2): 413-423.
· Bhattacharyya, P.N., and D.K. Jha 2012. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 28(4): 1327-1350.
· Bonnot, T., E. Bancel, D. Alvarez, M. Davanture, J. Boudet, M. Pailloux, M. Zivy, C. Ravel, and P. Martre 2017. Grain subproteome responses to nitrogen and sulfur supply in diploid wheat Triticum monococcum. The Plant Journal. 91(5): 894-910.
· Chaghazardi, H., G. Mohammadi, and A.A. Beheshti. 2013. Effects of different amounts of sulfur and manure on soil acidity and plant traits of corn hybrid KSC 704. Iranian Journal Of Field Crops Research. 11(1): 162-170. (In Persian).
· De Kok, L. J., M. Tausz, M. J. Hawkesford, R. Hoefgen, M. T. McManus, R. Norton, H. Rennenberg, K. Saito, E. Schnug and L. Tabe 2012. Sulfur Metabolism in Plants: Mechanisms and Applications to Food Security and Responses to Climate Change, Springer Science & Business Media. 284 pp.
· Delshadi, S., M. Ebrahimi, and E. Shirmohammadi. 2017. Effectiveness of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Bromus tomentellus Boiss seed germination, growth and nutrients uptake under drought stress. South African Journal of Botany. 113: 11-18.
· Dimkpa, C., T. Weinand, and F. Asch. 2009. Plant–rhizobacteria interactions alleviate abiotic stress conditions. Plant, Cell and Environment. 32(12): 1682-1694.
· Ebadzadeh, H., K. Ahmadi, S. Mohammadinia Afrozi, R. Abbastaghani, M. Abbasi, and S. Yari. 2016. Agricultural statistics of 2014-2015 crop year. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran.(In Persian).
· Eslami, A., R. Sadrabadi Haghighi, and M. Zafarian. 2014. Responses of seed yield, yield components and some morphophysiological traits of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) to the application methods of Fulzyme biofertilizer. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 8(3): 243-256. (In Persian).
· Etesami, H., H. Alikhani, M. Jadidi, and A. Aliakbari. 2009. Effect of superior IAA producing rhizobia on N, P, K uptake by wheat grown under greenhouse condition. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6: 1629-1633. (In Persian).
· Evelin, H., R. Kapoor, and B. Giri. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Annals of Botany. 104(7): 1263-1280.
· Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani, and S. Nezarat. 2009. The effect of plant growth promotingrhizobacteria(PGPR)ongermination,seedlinggrowthandyieldof maize. InternationalJournalofAgriculturalandBiosystemsEngineering. 1(1):35-40.
· Godarzi, K. 2010. The effect of sulfur and compost on nutrient availability of soil and its uptake by wheat. Papers of Zonal Symposium in New Approach in Agronomy and Nanotechnology, Share-Gods, IAU. Gods Branch, 21 January. Share Gods Branch: (In Persian).
· Gupta, G., S.S. Parihar, S.K. Snehi, and V. Singh 2015. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): current and future prospects for development of sustainable agriculture. Journal of Microbial and Biochemical Technology. 7(2): 096-102.
· Hawkesford, M.J., and L.J. De Kok. 2006. Managing sulphur metabolism in plants. Plant, Cell and Environment. 29(3): 382-395.
· Hu, Y., Z. Burucs, S. Von Tucher, and U. Schmidhalter. 2007. Short-term effects of drought and salinity on mineral nutrient distribution along growing leaves of maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 60(2): 268-275.
· Ilyas, N., and A. Bano 2010. Azospirillum strains isolated from roots and rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil moisture conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 46(4): 393-406.
· Jalili, F. 2017. Effects of sulfur and manure on wheat yield and some physical-chemical properties of soil. Water and Soil Science. 27(3): 199-209. (In Persian).
· Ju, I., B. Wj, S. Md, O. Ia, and E. Oj. 2018. A review: Biofertilizer-A key player in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Reports. 2(2): 22-28.
· Kader, M., M. Mian, and M. Hoque. 2002. Effects of azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by -wheat. Journal of Biological Science. 2(4): 259-261.
· Kalsi, N., D.I. Drautz-Moses, A. Uchida, R.W. Purbojati, J.N. Houghton, C. Chénard, A. Wong, S. Kolundžija, M.E. Clare, and K.K. Kushwaha. 2019. Complete genome sequence of microbacterium sp. strain SGAir 0570, isolated from Tropical Air Collected in Singapore. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 8(34): e00613-00619.
· Kang, S.M., A.L. Khan, M. Hamayun, Z.K. Shinwari, Y.H. Kim, and I.J. Lee. 2012. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ameliorated plant growth and influenced gibberellins and functional biochemicals. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 44(1): 365-372.
· Kasim, W.A., M.E. Osman, M.N. Omar, I.A.A. El-Daim, S. Bejai, and J. Meijer. 2013. Control of drought stress in wheat using plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 32(1): 122-130.
· Khan, A.L., M. Hamayun, Y.H. Kim, S.M. Kang, J.H. Lee, and I.J. Lee. 2011. Gibberellins producing endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus sp. LH02 influenced endogenous phytohormonal levels, isoflavonoids production and plant growth in salinity stress. Process Biochemistry. 46(2): 440-447.
· Martínez-Viveros, O., M. Jorquera, D. Crowley, G. Gajardo, and M. Mora. 2010. Mechanisms and practical considerations involved in plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 10(3): 293-319.
· Mohsennia, O., and J. Jalilian. 2012. Response of safflower seed quality characteristics to different soil fertility systems and irrigation disruption. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. 3(5): 968-976.
· Momen, A., A. Pazoki, and M.R. Momayezi 2011. Effects of granular sulfur (Bentonitic) and compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Bam wheat in Semnan region. Crop Physiology Journal. 3(9): 31-46.
· Moradi, H., B. Bahramnejad, J. Amini, A. Siosemardeh, and K. Haji-Allahverdipoor. 2012. Suppression of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Fusariums wilt by Bacillus subtillis and Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Omics. 5(2): 68-74.
· Motior, M., A. Abdou, F.H. Al Darwish, K.A. El-Tarabily, M.A. Awad, F. Golam, and M. Sofian-Azirun. 2011. Influence of elemental sulfur on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of cucumber grown in sandy calcareous soil. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(12): 1610-1615.
· Mozafari, A., J. Daneshian, D. Habibi, A. Asgharzadeh, and A. Rad. 2015. Investigation the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobactria on some morphophysiological traits of bread wheat under terminal drought stress conditions. Crop Physiology Journal. 7(26): 21-36. (In Persian).
· Rasool, F.U., B. Hasan, I. Jahangir, T. Ali, and T. Mubarak 2013. Nutritional yield and economic responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to integrated levels of nitrogen, sulphur and farmyard manure. Journal of Agricultural Sciences SriLanka. 8(1): 17-27.
· Saberi, H., Gh. Mosenabadi, and S.M. Ehteshami. 2015. Integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under Rasht climate conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 6(1): 21-31. (In Persian).
· Saleem, M., M. Arshad, S. Hussain, and A.S. Bhatti. 2007. Perspectiveof plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 34(10): 635-648.
· Tao, Z., X. Chang, D. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Ma, Y. Yang, and G. Zhao. 2018. Effects of sulfur fertilization and short-term high temperature on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins. The Crop Journal. 6(4): 413-425.