بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی دانه سویا در شرایط تنش رطوبتی با استفاده از میکوریزا و کود روی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیپویا سهرابی نور 1 , محمدعلي ابوطالبيان 2 , جواد حمزه ئی 3
1 - دانشجوي سابق کارشناسي ارشد اکولوژي گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران
2 - دانشيار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران
3 - دانشيار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران
کلید واژه: تعداد غلاف در بوته, درصد روغن, درصد پروتئین, عملکرد دانه, غلظت روی,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا و شیوه مصرف کود سولفات روی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی دانه سویا آزمایشی در شرایط تنش رطوبتی انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از تنش رطوبتی در سه سطح آبیاری پس از 60 ،۹۰ و ۱۲۰ میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A، شیوه مصرف کود سولفات روی با سه روش محلول‌پاشی، مصرف خاکی و عدم مصرف کود، قارچ میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) در دو سطح کاربرد و عدم کاربرد بود. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی در همه ترکیبات تیماری به جز تنش شدید رطوبت و شرایط عدم کاربرد میکوریزا به¬طور معنیداری نسبت به مصرف خاکی آن منجر به افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و غلظت روی دانه شد. کاربرد میکوریزا سبب افزایش 19/5 درصدی تعداد دانه در غلاف، 17 درصدی شاخص برداشت و 5/1 درصدی روغن دانه شد. در شرایط عدم کاربرد میکوریزا بین مصرف و عدم مصرف خاکی سولفات روی تفاوت از نظر عملکرد دانه وجود نداشت. در پژوهش حاضر تنش ملایم رطوبت در مقایسه شرایط عدم تنش، سبب افزایش درصد پروتئین دانه شد و بالاترین میزان آن (41%) تحت شرایط تنش متوسط رطوبت و کاربرد میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به¬دست آمد. بیشترین غلظت روی دانه (33/8 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) نیز از تیمار عدم تنش رطوبت تحت شرایط کاربرد میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی حادث شد. به‌طورکلی می‌توان عملکرد، درصدهای روغن و پروتئین و مقدار روی دانه سویا را با کاربرد همزمان میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بهویژه تحت شرایط تنش رطوبت بهبود بخشید.
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and application method of zinc sulfate fertilizer on yield and some agronomic characteristics of soybean, an experiment was conducted under water stress conditions. This factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Bu-Ali Sina University. Experimental factors were water stress at three irrigation levels after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from the class A evaporation pan; application method of zinc sulfate fertilizer with three levels of foliar feeding, soil application and no-fertilizer and mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) in two levels of application and non-application. The results showed that foliar feeding of zinc sulfate in all treatments except severe moisture stress and no-mycorrhiza conditions better than soil application of zinc sulfate led to a significant increase in the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield and zinc concentration. Mycorrhiza increased the number of seeds per pod by 19.5%, harvest index by 17% and seed oil by 5.1%. In the absence of mycorrhiza, there was no difference in grain yield between soil application and non-consumption of zinc sulfate. Moderate moisture stress compared to non-stress conditions increased the grain protein percentage and the highest value (41%) was obtained under moderate moisture stress conditions and mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate foliar feeding. The highest concentration of grain zinc (33.8 mg.kg-1) was obtained from non-stress moisture treatment under the conditions of mycorrhiza and foliar feeding of zinc sulfate In general, yield, oil and protein percentages and zinc content of soybean can be improved by the simultaneous application of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate foliar application, especially under conditions of moisture stress.
• Afshani, S., R. Amirnia, and H. Hadi. 2015. Study effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of autumn rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under limited irrigation. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13(1): 43-52. (In Persian).
• Aghababaei, F., F. Raiesi, and H. Nadian. 2011. Influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the uptake of nutrients in some commercial genotypes of almond in a sandy loam soil. Journal of Soil Research. 25(2): 137 – 147. (In Persian).
• Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. Second Edition. Published by IZA and IFA. France. 135 pp.
• Atayese, M.O. 2005. Field response of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer in the transitional agro-ecological zone of South West Nigeria. Moor Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(1):16-23.
• Auge, R.M. 2001. Water relations drought and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza. 11(1): 3–42.
• Babaeian, M., M. Heidari, and A. Ghanbari. 2011. Effect of water stress and foliar micronutrient application on physiological characteristics and nutrient uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). 12(4): 377-391. (In Persian).
• Bagci, S.A., H. Ekiz, A. Yilmaz, and I. Cakmak. 2007. Effect of Zn deficiency and drought on grain yield of field grown wheat cultivars in central Anatolia. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 193(3): 198–206.
• Bayoumi, T.Y., M.H. Eid, and E.M. Metwali. 2008. Application of physiological and biochemical indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. The African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(14): 2341-2352.
• Berdanier, C.D., J.T. Dwyer, and E.B. Feldman. 2007. Handbook of nutrition and food. Boca Raton. Florida: CRC Press. 248pp.
• Boomsma, C.R., and T.J. Vjn. 2008. Maize drought tolerance: potential improvements through arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Field Crops Research. 108(1): 14-31.
• Bozoglu, H., H. Ozcelik, Z. Mut, and E. Pesken. 2007. Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to zinc and molybdenum fertilization. Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 36(2): 145-149.
• Broadley, M.R., P.J. White, J.P. Hammond, I. Zelko, and A. Lux. 2007. Zinc in plants. New Phytologist. 173(4): 677–702.
• Cakmak, I., and L. Hoffland. 2012. Zinc for the improvement of crop production and human health. Plant and Soil. 361(1): 1-2.
• Cavagnaro, T.R. 2008. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in improving plant zinc nutrition under low soil zinc concentrations: a Review. Plant and Soil. 304(1): 315-325.
• Cherasse, Y., and Y. Urade. 2017. Dietary zinc acts as a sleep modulator. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18(11): 23-34.
• Coccina, A., T.R. Cavagnaro, E. Pellegrino, L. Ercoli, M.J. McLaughlin, and S.J. Watts-Williams. 2019. The mycorrhizal pathway of zinc uptake contributes to zinc accumulation in barley and wheat grain. BMC Plant Biology. 19: 133.
• David, D., N. Gerald, R. Carolyn, and R.H. Paul. 2007. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases the yield of potatoes in a high P soil. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture. 25(1): 67-78.
• Dubova, L., A. Senberga, and I. Alsiņa. 2015. The effect of double inoculation on the broad beans (Vicia faba L.) yield quality. Research Rural Develoment. 1(1): 39- 34.
• El-Gizawy, N.Kh.B., and S.A.S. Mehasen. 2009. Response of faba bean to bio, mineral phosphorus fertilizers and foliar application with zinc. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6(10): 1359-1365.
• Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Sh. Heydari, and B. Dalil. 2018. Field performance of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought stress. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 111(1): 25-32.
• Grewal, H.S., and R. Williams. 2000. Zinc nutrition affects alfalfa responses to water stress and excessive moisture. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 23(7): 949-962.
• Hajiboland, R., and F. Amirazad. 2010. Drought tolerance in Zn-deficient red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) plants. Horticultural Science. 37(1): 88-98.
• Iqbal, S., and B. Asghari. 2009. Water stress induced changes in antioxidant enzymes, membrane stability and seed protein profile of different wheat accessions. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8(23): 6576-6587.
• Ishimaru, Y., M. Suzuki, T. Kobayashi, M. Takahashi, H. Nakanishi, S. Mori, and N. K. Nishizawa. 2005. OsZIP-4, a novel zinc-regulated zinc transporter in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany. 56(422): 3207-3214.
• James, B., D. Rodel, U. Lorettu, E. Reynaldo, and H. Tariq. 2008. Effect of vesicular arbescular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistavce of Senna Spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botanicaly. 40(5): 2217-2224.
• Kamaraki, H., and M. Galavi. 2012. Evaluation of foliar Fe, Zn and B micronutrients application on quantitative and qualitative traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agroecology. 4(3): 201-206. (In Persian).
• Kazemi Poshtmasari, H., M.A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdasht, and M.A. Ahmadi Shad. 2016. Effects of Zn rates application forms on protein and some micronutrients accumulation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 11(7): 1042-1046.
• Khosrojerdi M., A. Shahsoni, M. Gholipour, and H.R. Asghari. 2013. Effect of rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on some nutrient uptake by chickpea at different levels of iron sulfate fertilizer. Crop Production. 6(3): 71-87. (In Persian).
• Kobraee, S., G. Noormohamadi, H. Heidari Sharifabad, F. Darvish Kajori, and B. Delkhosh. 2011. Influence of micronutrient fertilizer on soybean nutrient composition. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 4(7): 763-769.
• Ma, D., D. Sun, C. Wang, H. Ding, H. Qin, J. Hou, X. Huang, Y. Xie, and T. Guo. 2017. Physiological responses and yield of wheat plants in zinc-mediated alleviation of drought stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8(1): 1-12.
• Malakouti, M.J. 2015. Optimal fertilizer use recommendation for agricultural products in Iran, determining the amount, type and timing of fertilizer use with the aim of relative self-sufficiency, healthy food production and increasing farmers' incomes. Mobalagan Press. 348 pp. (In Persian).
• Mohsin, A.U., H. Ahmad, M. Farooq, and S. Ullah. 2014. Influence of zinc application through seed treatment and foliar spray on growth, productivity and grain quality of hybrid maize. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 24(5): 1494-1503.
• Mohsenabadi, G., H. Saberi, M. Majidian, and S. Ehteshami. 2015. Integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under Rasht climate conditions. Journal Pulses Research. 6(1): 21-31. (In Persian).
• Mousavi S.A., M.D. Khaledian, A. Ashrafzadeh, and P. Shahinrokhsar. 2015. Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water productivity increasing of three soybean genotypes in Rasht region. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 29(4): 433-446. (In Persian).
• Odeley, F.O., O.M.O. Odeley, and M.O. Animashaun. 2007. Effects of nutrient foliar spray on soybean growth and yield (Glycine max L.) in south west Nigeria. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 35(2): 1842-4309.
• Paymaneh, Z., and M. Zarei. 2013. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth parameters and nutrients uptake of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) under water stress conditions. Journal of Soil Biology. 1(1): 13-24. (In Persian).
• Porcel, R.J.M., J. Barea, and M. Ruiz-Lozano. 2003. Antioxidant activities in mycorrhizal soybean plants under drought stress and their possible relationship to the process of nodule senescence. New Phytologist. 157(1): 135–143.
• Prasad, A.S. 2008. Zinc deficiency: has been known of for 40 years but ignored by global health organisations. British Medical Journal. 326(7386): 409–410.
• Sabannavar, S.J., and H.C. Lakshman. 2008. Interactions between Azotobacter pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on two varieties of Sesamum indicum L. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 194(6): 470-478
• Seyed Ahmadi, A., A. Bakhshandeh, and M. Gharineh. 2015. Evaluation physiological characteristics and grain yield canola cultivars affected by end seasonal drought stress under weather conditions of Ahvaz. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 13(1):71-80. (In Persian).
• Shahsavari, N., H.M. Jais, and A.H. Shirani-Rad. 2014. Responses of canola oil quality characteristics and fatty acid composition to zeolite and zinc fertilization under drought stress. International Journal of Agriscience. 4(1): 49-59.
• Smith, S.E., E. Facelli, S. Pope, and F.A. Smith. 2010. Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil. 326(1): 3-20.
• Southavong, S., T.R. Preston, and N. Van Man. 2012. Effect of biochar and biodigester effluent on growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and soil fertility. Livestock Research Rural Development. 24(2): 145-159.
• Suzuki, H., A.A. Sakawa, J.B. Li., M. Tsai, H. Amitani, K. Ohinata, M. Komai, and A. Inui. 2011. Zinc as an appetite stimulator - the possible role of zinc in the progression of diseases such as cachexia and sarcopenia. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition and Agriculture. 3(3): 226–31.
• Thalooth, A.T., M.M. Tawfik, and H. Magda Mohamed. 2006. Comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2(1): 37-46.
• Thomas, R., M.J. Robertson, S. Fukai, and M.B. Peoples. 2003. The effect of timing and severity of water deficit on growth development, yield accumulation and nitrogen fixation of mung bean. Field Crop Research. 86(1): 67-80.
• Wakrim, R., S. Wahabi, H. Tahi, B. Aganchich, and R. Serraj. 2005. Comparative effect of partial root drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on water relation and water use efficiency in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 106(2): 275-287.
• Wei, Y., M.J.I. Shohag, and X. Yang. 2012. Biofortification and bioavailability of rice grain zinc as affected by different forms of foliar zinc fertilization. Plos One. 7 (9): 1-10.
• Wu, Q.S., and Y.N. Zou. 2009. Mycorrhizal influence on nutrient uptake of citrus exposed to drought stress. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist. 92(1): 33-38.
• Yamada, T., and D.H. Alpers. 2009. Textbook of gastroenterology (5th ed.). Blackwell Pub. 495- 2526pp.
• Yang, F.J., S. Liu, and X. Zang. 2005. Effect of zinc on physiological-biochemical indexes and nutrition quality of garlic. Soil and Fertilizers. 1(1): 35-38.
• Yao, Q., H.H. Zhu, and J.Z. Chen. 2005. Growth responses and endogenous IAA and iPAs changes of litchi (Litchi chinensis) Sonn seedlings induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation. Horticultural Science. 105(1): 145–151.